Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical antioxidant potential of peptides derived from enzymatically hydrolyzed mung bean (Vigna radiata) albumins using an 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, a ferrous ion chelating assay and an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Peeled raw mung bean was ground into flour and mixed with buffer (pH 8.3, 1:20 w/v ratio) before being stirred, then filtered using 3 kDa and 30 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) centrifugal filters to obtain albumin fraction. The albumin fraction then underwent enzymatic hydrolysis using either gastrointestinal enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) or thermolysin. Peptides in the hydrolysates were sequenced. The peptides showed low ABTS radical-scavenging activity (90–100 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mL) but high ferrous ion chelating activity (1400–1500 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) and ORAC values (>120 μM Trolox equivalent). The ferrous ion chelating activity was enzyme- and hydrolysis time-dependent. For thermolysin hydrolysis, there was a drastic increase in ferrous ion chelating activity from t = 0 (886.9 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) to t = 5 min (1559.1 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) before plateauing. For pepsin–pancreatin hydrolysis, there was a drastic decrease from t = 0 (878.3 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) to t = 15 (138.0 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) after pepsin was added, but this increased from t = 0 (131.1 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) to t = 15 (1439.2 μg EDTA equivalent/mL) after pancreatin was added. There was no significant change in ABTS radical scavenging activity or ORAC values throughout different hydrolysis times for either the thermolysin or pepsin–pancreatin hydrolysis. Overall, mung bean hydrolysates produced peptides with high potential antioxidant capacity, being particularly effective ferrous ion chelators. Other antioxidant assays that use cellular lines should be performed to measure antioxidant capacity before animal and human studies.
Highlights
Mung bean, known as green gram, is a small, green-colored legume widely cultivated throughout Asia [1]
The ferrous ion chelating activity of the hydrolysates derived via both thermolysin and pepsin–pancreatin enzymatic hydrolysis was generally higher than the ABTS radical scavenging activity
ABTS and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values did not present a significant increase in the antioxidant activities of any of the hydrolysates produced by the enzymes tested
Summary
Known as green gram, is a small, green-colored legume widely cultivated throughout Asia [1]. It is a popular legume in countries such as Indonesia and China where its consumption is associated with positive health outcomes [2,3]. Mung beans have a relatively high protein content (19.5–33.1%) that is comparable to that of soybeans (Glycine max) (35–50%) and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (23–25%) [5,6,7]. Due to its nutritional content, mung bean can be a plant-based protein source in developing nations where animal protein sources are cost-prohibited [8].
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