Abstract
The efficacy of methanolic extracts and powders of 12 spices (Pimpinella anisum, Scorodophleuszenkeii, Xy- lopiaparviflora, Eugenia caryophyllus, Fagara leprieurii, Fagara macrophylla, Monodora myristica, Olax subscorpioidea, Xylopiaaethiopica, Allium sativum, Zinziber officinale and Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in stabilizing crude soyabean oil during accelerated storage was assessed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols in all the spices except that of Allium sativum. Total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts varied significantly (p Zinziber officinale, Olax subscorpioidea, Fagaramacrophylla, Eugenia caryophyllus and Xylopia parviflora, which offered the highest TPC, exhibited superior antioxidant activity with regard to the DPPH. Furthermore, the antioxidant effectiveness of the extracts and powders was assessed using crude soyabean oil (CSO) as the oxidation substrate. CSO samples stabilized with extracts at a concentration of 500 ppm (w/w) and powders at a concentration of 1000 ppm were subjected to accelerated storage (65?C, oven heating, 24 days, 8 h heating cycle per day), and analyzed periodically for the extent of oxidative alterations following the measurement of iodine and peroxide value. CSO + BHT at 200 ppm served as standards besides the control. Results reveal Zinziberofficinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Scorodophleuszenkerii, Monodora myristica, Xylopiaaethiopica, Allium sativum, Fagara leprieurii extracts and powders and the powder of Pimpinella anisum to be potent antioxidants for stabilization of crude soyabean oil.
Highlights
Nature has blessed aerobic organisms with an inner defense system that resists against oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)
The highest amounts were extracted from Fagara leprieurii (41.27%), followed by Xylopia aethiopica (39.75%), Eugenia caryophyllus (32.75%), Xylopia parviflora (29.5%), Monodora myristica (27.75%), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (25%), Pimpinella anisum (21.25%), Allium sativum (20.25%), Fagara macrophylla (19.5%), Olaxsubscorpioidea (12.5%), Scorodophloeus zenkerii (10.25%) and Zinziber officinale (8.25%)
The amount of extractable components from Monodoramyristica, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Scorodophloeus zenkerii and Fagara leprieurii using methanol was revealed in the literature as 23.5%, 8.4%, 9.2% and 26.2% respectively [17], from Eugenia caryophyllus and Zinziber officinale as 23.9% and 9.2% respectively [18] and from Olax subscorpioidea, Xylopia aethiopicaas 12.34% and 26.42% respectively [19]
Summary
Nature has blessed aerobic organisms with an inner defense system that resists against oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Supplementing the natural defense mechanism with dietary antioxidants might offer better protection against the risk of certain diseases. Lipid peroxidation that results from the reaction between unsaturated fatty acids and molecular oxygen is a severe problem for the oil and fat industry. It deteriorates the quality of fats and fatty foods, bringing about chemical spoilage, and produces free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are reportedly associated with carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, inflammation, aging and cardiovascular diseases [1]. Recent reports reveal that these compounds may be implicated in many health risks, including cancer and carcinogenesis [2].
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