Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study was to isolate the biflavonoid (a bimolecular kaemferol structured molecule) and test its efficacy on oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and high fat diet and streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by feeding them with high fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, cholesterol 0.2%, and 0.5% bile salt for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were kept in an overnight fast and injected with low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Results: At the end of the experimental period, diabetic control rats showed significant increase in plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with concomitant decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin and body weight. The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid peroxidation markers, antioxidant enzymes, glycogen content and glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were also altered in diabetic rats. Discussion: Oral administration of biflavonoid to diabetic rats significantly ameliorated all the biochemical alterations to near normal levels. The effect produced by the biflavonoid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus has become a major health problem around the world and characterized by metabolic disorders along with several symptoms, including polyuria polydipsia, polyphagia, a selective loss of pancreatic β-cell mass, and a high blood glucose level [1]
There was a significant increase in the level of plasma glucose and decrease in the level of plasma insulin in high fat diet (HFD)/STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to normal control rats
Oral administration of biflavonoid (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.wt) daily for a period of 30 days to high fat diet and streptozotocin induced HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly decreased the level of plasma glucose and significantly increased the level of plasma insulin compared to untreated diabetic rats
Summary
Diabetes mellitus has become a major health problem around the world and characterized by metabolic disorders along with several symptoms, including polyuria polydipsia, polyphagia, a selective loss of pancreatic β-cell mass, and a high blood glucose level [1]. Diabetes mellitus can be broadly categorized into type 1 and type 2: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a frequent form of diabetes representing more than 90% of all diabetic patients [2]. Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are two main characteristics of type 2 diabetes [3]. Insulin resistance in T2DM could be provoked by glucotoxicity, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and inflammation [4]. Exercise and several pharmacological agents are treatment approaches for type 2 Diabetes. In view of the side effects associated with the treatment by insulin and synthetic drugs which are available at present, searching for effective and safer hypoglycaemic plant drugs is going on all over the world. Herbal medicines play a vital role in this part to prevent side effects [6]
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