Abstract
BackgroundAdipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and pro-inflammatory agents including TNFα and LPS. Such mediators contribute to oxidative stress and alter inflammatory processes in adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance during obesity. Thus, the identification of natural compounds such as plant polyphenols able to increase the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the body is of high interest. We aimed to evaluate the biological properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from the medicinal plants A. borbonica, D. apetalum and G. mauritiana on preadipocytes exposed to H2O2, TNFα or LPS mediators.MethodsMedicinal plant extracts were analysed for their polyphenol contents by Folin-Ciocalteu and UPLC-ESI-MS methods as well as for their free radical-scavenging activities by DPPH and ORAC assays. To assess the ability of polyphenol-rich extracts to protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against H2O2, TNFα or LPS mediators, several parameters including cell viability (MTT and LDH assays), ROS production (DCFH-DA test), IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion (ELISA) were evaluated. Moreover, the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and NF-κB genes was explored (RT-QPCR).ResultsAll medicinal plants exhibited high levels of polyphenols with free radical-scavenging capacities. Flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, epicatechin and procyanidins, and phenolic acids derived from caffeic acid including chlorogenic acid, were detected. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts did not exert a cytotoxic effect on preadipocytes but protected them against H2O2 anti-proliferative action. Importantly, they down-regulated ROS production and the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 pro-inflammatory markers induced by H2O2, TNFα and LPS mediators. Such a protective action was associated with an increase in superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme gene expression and a decrease in mRNA levels of NF-κB pro-inflammatory transcription factor.ConclusionThis study highlights that antioxidant strategies based on polyphenols derived from medicinal plants tested could contribute to regulate adipose tissue redox status and immune process, and thus participate to the improvement of obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
Highlights
Adipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and pro-inflammatory agents including Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and LPS
Polyphenol-rich plant extracts did not exert a cytotoxic effect on preadipocytes but protected them against H2O2 anti-proliferative action
They down-regulated ROS production and the secretion of IL-6 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) pro-inflammatory markers induced by H2O2, TNFα and LPS mediators
Summary
Adipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and pro-inflammatory agents including TNFα and LPS Such mediators contribute to oxidative stress and alter inflammatory processes in adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance during obesity. Obesity is characterized by an excessive fat storage in adipose tissue It contributes to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation which lead to major disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3]. According to Cani et al [14], obesity-related excessive dietary lipid intake facilitates the absorption of endotoxins, leading to a higher plasma LPS level This metabolic endotoxaemia from the gut microbiota could act as a triggering factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes [15,16,17]. As ROS and TNFα, LPS may act as a major obesity-related inflammatory mediator
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