Antioxidant, phytochemical composition and proximate analysis of Mangifera haden seeds

Abstract

Mangifera haden is a tropical fruit that is rich in diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant capacity, phytochemicals and proximate composition present in aqueous extract and three different fractions of Mangifera haden seeds. Phytochemical analyses were investigated using standard method. The whole sample of Mangifera haden seeds were analyzed for proximate composition using standard analytical methods. The in vitro antioxidant effects of the plant extract and fractions were determined using: FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), DPPH (2, 2 – Diphenyl – 1 picrylhydrazyl) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) studies. Proximate composition and calorific value of whole sample of Mangifera haden seeds revealed that the percentage values of moisture, ash, lipid, fibre, protein and carbohydrate were (8.39, 2.77, 17.18, 4.29, 4.82 , 62.55) and 1772.89 kj/100g respectively. Phytochemical constituents of crude extract, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-hexane fractions of Mangifera haden seeds showed that they contain relative amount of flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenes, alkaloids and coumarins. All these antioxidant activities increased with increasing concentrations in a dose dependent manner. The in vitro antioxidant studies revealed ethyl acetate fraction with the highest antioxidant activity using FRAP, TAC and DPPH activity while n-hexane fraction exhibited the lowest antioxidant status. These results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seeds has high concentration of phytochemical compounds and high amount of antioxidant while n-hexane fraction exhibited the lowest concentration of phytochemical potential and antioxidant status. The phytocomponents of the different fractions of Mangifera haden seeds were investigated using Perkin Elmer GC-MS. The prevailing compounds in ethyl acetate, methanol and n-hexane fraction are 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (15.16 %,), 7-epi-trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (27.86%) and (Z)-Oleic acid (100%).