Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic, and Neurobehavioral Effects of a Leaf Extract of Avicennia marina on Autoimmune Diabetic Mice.

Mohammad K Okla,Eslam M Abdel-Salam,Ahmed K Hegazy,Abdulrahman A Alatar,Mohammad Faisal,Abdullah A Al-Ghamdi,Hayssam M Ali,Mohamed Z M Salem,Saud A Alamri,Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud,Jamaan S Ajarem

doi:10.1155/2019/1263260

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can affect the central nervous system and behavioral traits in animals. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease. The aim of the current study was to determine whether supplementation with the alcoholic extract of Avicennia marina leaves could improve diabetes-associated pathological changes. The animals were divided into four groups: a control group (A), an A. marina receiving nondiabetic group (B), a diabetic group (C), and a DM group orally supplemented with A. marina alcoholic leaf extract (D). The DM group of animals receiving the alcoholic extract of A. marina leaves had reduced blood glucose levels, improved blood picture, and organ functions. This group also showed improvement in locomotory behavior. The results of this study showed that supplementation with the alcoholic extract of A. marina leaves reduced oxidative stress and blood sugar levels, protected the liver, and improved the neurobehavioral changes associated with diabetes in mice. Introducing alcoholic leaf extract of A. marina to diabetic mice decreased inflammatory cells aggregation, vacuolation, and hemorrhage. Additionally, a positive effect of the alcoholic leaf extract on the histopathological changes was observed in the testicular tissue of treated mice.

Highlights

Medicinal plants have recently gained much attention from research groups worldwide
When the antibacterial activity against bacterial specified pathogens was assessed for some mangrove plants, maximum antibacterial activity was observed with the Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine leaf extract of A. marina [7]
This abnormal Cell Blood Count (CBC) was represented as decreased levels of red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs), and hemoglobin (Hb) with a concomitant increase in the levels of hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelets

Summary

Introduction

Medicinal plants have recently gained much attention from research groups worldwide. The need for new, safer, and effective therapeutic agents represents the main targets for clinical investigators [1]. The study of the medical importance of A. marina started early when Bell and Duewel [5] isolated triterpenoids from the bark of A. marina. These terpenoids were later identified as lupeol, taraxerol, and betulinic acid [6]. When the antibacterial activity against bacterial specified pathogens was assessed for some mangrove plants, maximum antibacterial activity was observed with the Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine leaf extract of A. marina [7]. A. marina leaf extract has shown antimicrobial activity against some clinical pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections including Klebsiella pneumoniae [8]. The methanolic crude extracts of A. marina have inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans [9]

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