Abstract
Over the last few decades, Rumex species have been recognized as a promising source of new compounds with numerous pharmacological activities. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of Rumex tingitanus (R. tingitanus) leaves extracts was evaluated in vitro and then confirmed in vivo as well as the antidepressant-like and toxicological effects of the extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction (Rt EtOAcF) followed by hydroalcoholic extract (Rt EtOH-H2O) showed a remarkable in vitro antioxidant activity. The hydroalcoholic extract (Rt EtOH-H2O) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver toxicity which is seen from inhibition of the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and enhancement of the liver antioxidant enzymes activities. The Rt EtOH-H2O and Rt EtOAcF extracts were able to reduce the immobility time in mice and then elicited a significant antidepressant-like effect. The ethyl acetate fraction (Rt EtOAcF) was purified and resulted in the identification of a new antioxidant component called 4′-p-acetylcoumaroyl luteolin. The Rt EtOAcF and the 4′-p-acetylcoumaroyl luteolin revealed a strong antioxidant activity using DPPH test with IC50 of 11.7 ± 0.2 and 20.74 ± 0.6 μg/ml, respectively, and AAI of 3.39 and 1.92 better than that of BHT, used as control.
Highlights
The extraction and characterization of antioxidant compounds derived from natural sources could be a solution to treat a variety of injuries and diseases caused by oxidative stress such as depression and hepatotoxicity
The hydroalcoholic extract (Rt EtOH-H2O) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver toxicity which is seen from inhibition of the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and enhancement of the liver antioxidant enzymes activities
The oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which cannot be overcome by human body, was considered as one of the causative agents of diseases
Summary
The extraction and characterization of antioxidant compounds derived from natural sources could be a solution to treat a variety of injuries and diseases caused by oxidative stress such as depression and hepatotoxicity. It was reported that oxidative stress is one of the biological processes involved in the development of the depressive symptoms [3]. The excessive accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the deficiency in the antioxidant enzymes induce a major cellular damage leading to diseases development such as the depressive disorder [2, 4]. To prevent the undesirable effect of the ROS, human organisms have developed an antioxidant defense system. Any injury induced by ROS or xenobiotics to hepatocytes causes hepatotoxicity and liver disorders [5]. Herbs have emerged as prominent alternatives to fight oxidative stress, considering that plants are important sources of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, stilbenoids, and steroids [2]
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