Abstract
The present research investigated the antioxidant effect of rape (Brassica campestris L.) bee pollen (RBP) on salami during processing. Eight flavonoids in RBP ethanol extract were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis, and quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol were the major bioactive compounds. The RBP ethanol extract exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity than 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tertramethylchromancarboxylic acid (trolox) at the same concentration. The salami with 0.05% RBP extract had higher catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than that of the control throughout the processing time (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were obtained in the final salami product with 0.05% RBP ethanol extract or 1% RBP (p < 0.05). These results suggested that RBP could improve oxidative stability and had a good potential as a natural antioxidant for retarding lipid oxidation.
Highlights
Salami is susceptible to lipid oxidation [1,2,3] because of its 30% fat content [4]
The total ion chromatograms of the flavonoids in the RBP extract and of the standard substances
Throughout the entire processing, the addition of the RBP extract and the flavonoids delayed the decreases of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme (GSH-Px, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and CAT) activities
Summary
Salami is susceptible to lipid oxidation [1,2,3] because of its 30% fat content [4]. The best strategy to minimize lipid oxidation is the addition of antioxidants during processing [5]. The search for natural antioxidants has increased considerably in recent decades, because of toxicological concerns and health issues of several synthetic antioxidants [6,7]. Many natural antioxidants were found to possess lipid-protective effects in meat products. Qi et al reported that the addition of lychee seed extract inhibited adipogenesis and retarded lipid oxidation in meat paste during storage [8]. Rosemary extract was found to be effective in inhibiting the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA)
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