Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental constraint for plant growth. Climate-change-driven increases in ambient temperatures resulted in reduced or unevenly distributed rainfalls, leading to increased soil drought. Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey is a typical drought-tolerant sedge, but few reports have examined the mechanisms conferring its tolerant traits. In the present study, the drought responses of C. duriuscula were assessed by quantifying activity of antioxidant enzymes in its leaf and root tissues and evaluating the relative contribution of organic and inorganic osmolyte in plant osmotic adjustment, linking it with the patterns of the ion acquisition by roots. Two levels of stress—mild (MD) and severe (SD) drought treatments—were used, followed by re-watering. Drought stress caused reduction in a relative water content and chlorophyll content of leaves; this was accompanied by an increase in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2−) contents in leaves and roots. Under MD stress, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in leaves, whereas, in roots, only CAT and POD activities increased. SD stress led to an increase in the activities of CAT, POD, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GPX in both tissues. The levels of proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins in the leaves also increased. Under both MD and SD stress conditions, C. duriuscula increased K+, Na+, and Cl− uptake by plant roots, which resulted in an increased K+, Na+, and Cl− concentrations in leaves and roots. This reliance on inorganic osmolytes enables a cost-efficient osmotic adjustment in C. duriuscula. Overall, this study revealed that C. duriuscula was able to survive arid environments due to an efficient operation of its ROS-scavenging systems and osmotic adjustment mechanisms.
Highlights
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide [1,2]
In the roots, soluble protein content decreased relative to that observed in the control, and the decrease was higher under Severe drought (SD) than under MD stress; it recovered after re-watering (Figure 6F)
Present study aimed to Understanding the mechanistic basis of plant adaptationThe to drought environment is investigate theinmechanisms tolerance in foundstudy that, aimed instrumental developing of ofdrought drought-tolerant genotypes
Summary
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide [1,2]. Mey, is a perennial sedge widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of northern China [38] that occurs in Mongolia [39], Russia [40], Canada [41], and North America [42,43] This species is resistant to drought stress; it has dense roots, tillers strongly, grows rapidly, and tolerates soil nutrient deficiency. Arid regions of northern China [38] that occurs in Mongolia [39], Russia [40], Canada [41], and North America [42,43] This species is resistant to drought stress; it Results has Phenotypic dense roots, tillersofstrongly, grows rapidly, and tolerates soil nutrient deficiency and Effects. After re-watering, plants resumed normal growth (Figures 1 and 2A,B)
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