Abstract
Introduction: date palm (ADP) is a flowering plant type of the palm family which has strong antioxidant properties. Mercuric chloride (MC) is a complex substance that generates oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of ADP on the , inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic changes induced by MC.
 Methods: Fifty-six male rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups (n = 7) as follows: Group 1- control, 2- MC (50 mg/kg), 3-5: ADP (30, 90, and 270 mg/kg), and 6-8: MC+ADP. The rats were orally and administrated with the respective agents for 5 weeks. Extracts of ADP were prepared and screening was conducted. Nitric oxide (NO), lipid (LP), and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assays were conducted to assess the antioxidant index. The levels of p53, Bcl2 and Bax gene expression were assessed by real-time PCR. Cytokines involved in inflammation were evaluated by enzyme-linked assay (ELISA). Liver enzymes were also measured using biochemical methods. changes (e.g. in hepatocyte (HD) and central hepatic vein (CHV)), and apoptosis cell index were evaluated by light and fluorescent microscopy methods.
 Results: MC treatment significantly increased all parameters described in the Methods section (except for FRAP level and Bcl2 expression level, which were both decreased) in the MC group, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, all indices were significantly decreased in the ADP and ADP+MC groups (except for FRAP level and Bcl2 expression level, which were increased), when compared to the MC group (P < 0.05).
 Conclusion: These findings revealed that ADP extract can serve as a potent antioxidant which effectively attenuates the adverse effects of MC on the liver through the activation of antioxidant mechanisms and regeneration of modifications.
Highlights
Ashrasi date palm (ADP) is a flowering plant type of the palm family which has strong antioxidant properties
The apoptotic index (AI) was significantly higher in the Mercuric chloride (MC) group compared to the control group (P < 0.05)
The doses of ADP in ADP and MC+ADP groups correlated with a significant decline in the AI, as compared to the MC group (P < 0.05) (Figure 1)
Summary
Ashrasi date palm (ADP) is a flowering plant type of the palm family which has strong antioxidant properties. Results: MC treatment significantly increased all parameters described in the Methods section (except for FRAP level and Bcl[2] expression level, which were both decreased) in the MC group, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The application of the secondary defense system, such as antioxidant agents, can eliminate inflicted cellular injuries.plant-based antioxidant elements have excellent therapeutic properties 1. They have minor harmful side effects on cells. MC damages the cells, DNA and cell membrane, leading to cell death 11 Some elements, such as increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, are
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