Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicinal drink, Apocynum venetum, a local tea from Xinjiang, China, is favored for its rich flavor and biological functionality. This study looked at aging mice induced by d-galactose to determine the in vivo anti-aging effect of Apocynum venetum tea extracts (AVTEs) and its bioactive components. We evaluated the weight of major organs (via organ index) and pathological changes in the liver. We also detailed the effects of AVTE (250 mg/kg in the low dose group, 500 mg/kg in the high dose group) on biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-1β) in the serum of aging mice. We investigated the anti-aging effects of AVTE in d-galactose-induced aging mice via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. In addition, we analyzed the biological components of AVTEs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results were remarkable, suggesting that AVTE significantly improved d-galactose-induced aging mice, with the high dose group showing the best results among other groups. ATVE can effectively alleviate hepatocyte edema, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration and injury in mice, induce a protective effect via up-regulation of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant related factors, and play an important role in the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β). At the same time, HPLC analysis showed that AVTEs contain neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, astragalin, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. Thus, AVTE appears to be an effectively functional drink due to its rich functional components and anti-aging activities.
Highlights
Senescence mainly refers to the degradation due to age of the cell, tissue, and organ structure and function, a process gradually increasing the body’s vulnerability to death, and can be caused by many factors, including genetics, environment, and diet [1,2]
Compared with the normal group (Table 2), the coefficients of cardiac, liver, splenic, and kidney tissue in the aging model group decreased to a certain extent (p < 0.05)
After treatment with different doses of Apocynum venetum tea extracts (AVTEs), the coefficient of cardiac, liver, splenic, and kidney tissue were reduced to a certain extent, the degeneration of the organs in the mice was delayed, and the atrophy of the organs was antagonized to a certain extent [21]
Summary
Senescence mainly refers to the degradation due to age of the cell, tissue, and organ structure and function, a process gradually increasing the body’s vulnerability to death, and can be caused by many factors, including genetics, environment, and diet [1,2]. The most widely accepted theory is the free radical theory, which states that as the human body ages, there is an increase in oxygen free radicals, creating an imbalance in the free radicals production system of the body. The mouse aging model is mainly divided into three types: Spontaneous, induced (including d-galactose), and transgenic. The d-galactose-induced aging mouse is a widely used model because of its simplicity and performance
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