Antioxidant Effect of Cocoa By-Product and Cherry Polyphenol Extracts: A Comparative Study.

Anna Maria Piras,Francesca Felice,Maria Michela Cesare,Alessandra Braca,Rossella Di Stefano,Denise Beconcini,Angela Fabiano,Ylenia Zambito,Marinella De Leo

doi:10.3390/antiox9020132

Anna Maria Piras, Francesca Felice + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020132

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Abstract

Background: Recent studies have highlighted the importance of cherry and cocoa extracts consumption to protect cells from oxidative stress, paying particular attention to cocoa by-products. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of cocoa husk extract (CHE) and cherry extracts (CE) against ROS-induced oxidative stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Methods: CE and CHE had antioxidant activity characterized by total polyphenols content (TPC). HUVECs were treated for 2 h and 24 h with increasing TPC concentrations of CE and CHE (5-10-25-50-100 µg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/mL) and then with H2O2 for 1 h. Cell viability and ROS production were evaluated. CE and CHE polyphenols permeability on excised rat intestine were also studied. Results: CE and CHE showed a similar antioxidant activity (2.5 ± 0.01 mmol Fe2+/100 g FW (fresh weight) and 2.19 ± 0.09 mmol Fe2+/100 g FW, respectively, p > 0.05) whereas CHE had a higher TPC (7105.0 ± 96.9 mg GAE/100 g FW) than CE (402.5 ± 8.4 mg GAE/100 g), p < 0.05. The in vitro viability assay showed that both extracts were non-cytotoxic. CHE resulted in protection against ROS at lower concentrations than CE. CHE showed a 2-fold higher apparent permeability compared to CE. Conclusions: CHE represents a high-value antioxidant source, which is interesting for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Highlights

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic and degenerative diseases
Vascular endothelial cell lines are sensitive to ROS, and damage to them is reflected in the alteration of vascular tone and permeability, and involved in cardiovascular dysfunction associated with hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease [4,5,6]
With increasing polyphenols concentrations, and after that, The results reported that treatment of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) with H O significantly reduced viable cell an oxidative stress insult was applied by treating the cells with2502μM H2O2 for 1 h

Summary

Introduction

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic and degenerative diseases. The unbalance toward ROS formation is recognized as a critical aspect of cell damage that characterizes many disease states, such as atherosclerosis and premature aging [1,2,3]. Vascular endothelial cell lines are sensitive to ROS, and damage to them is reflected in the alteration of vascular tone and permeability, and involved in cardiovascular dysfunction associated with hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease [4,5,6]. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of cherry and cocoa extracts consumption to protect cells from oxidative stress, paying particular attention to cocoa by-products. Against ROS-induced oxidative stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Methods: CE and CHE had antioxidant activity characterized by total polyphenols content (TPC). CE and CHE polyphenols permeability on excised rat intestine were studied

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