Antioxidant Capacity of Fractionated Extract and Structural Elucidation of Isolated Compounds from Leaf Extract of Hydrocotyl bonariensis Comm. Exlam

Abstract

Hydrocotyl bonariensis is a plant which anticataractogenic potentials have been reported. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of the fractionates of the leaves extract and also characterize some of its chemical constituents. DPPH, H2O2, OH and NO free radical scavenging, metal chelating and reducing power activity was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the crude extract fractionates. Fresh leaves of H. bonariensis leaves were extracted in 70 % methanol. The extract was partitioned with different solvent system of increasing polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate methanol and water). Compounds were isolated from the aqueous practitionate using accelerated gradient chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography, preparative TLC and conventional column chromatography. The presence of the chemical groups was established with HPLC and Fourier Transform Infra Red. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic study and chemical shifts. Data from the study indicates that all the fractionates contain compounds with free radical scavenging activity. This activity was more pronounced in the aqueous fractionate (DPPH IC50 0025 ± 0.011 mg/ml, metal chelating capacity 27.5 %, OH-scavenging IC50, 0.846 ± 0.037 mg/ml, H2O2 scavenging IC50 0.521 ± 0.015 mg/ml, reducing power IC50 0.248 ± 0.025 mg/ml and NO scavenging IC50 0.537 ± 0.038 mg/ml). Two compounds were isolated and when compared with data from the literature; the structures were suggestive of polyphenolic flavonoid, quercetin and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-sitosterol. The result indicates that H. bonariensis leaves contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity.