Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in Selected Industrial Processing and Fresh Consumption Tomato Cultivars

Abstract

Four selected fresh consumption tomato varieties, harvested at different ripening stages (green, breaker, pink, red) and five industrial processing tomato varieties, harvested at red ripe stage, were analysed for lycopene and its isomers, β-carotene, total and individual phenolics, vitamin C and hydrophilic antioxidant activity. Tomato variety and ripening stage significantly affected carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and hydrophilic antioxidant activity when fresh consumption tomatoes were compared. The average of total lycopene content at the different ripening stages was 0.63, 12.20, 26.76 and 116.66 mg/kg of fresh weight (FW). Vitamin C ranged from 2.79 (breaker Cherry Pera) to 297.62 (red Cherry Pera) mg/kg FW. In green and breaker tomatoes, a positive correlation of hydrophilic antioxidant activity with vitamin C and chlorogenic acid was observed. However, in industrial tomato varieties (red ripe stage) and fresh consumption varieties harvested at pink and red stages, hydrophilic antioxidant activity was correlated with total phenolics and rutin. Tomato varieties for industrial processing did not show significant differences in total phenolic compounds and lycopene content. Lycopene ranged from 83.17 to 97.60 mg/kg FW, while total phenolic compounds varied between 257.91 and 284.13 mg/kg FW. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were the most abundant individual phenolics found in all the samples studied. Moreover, the content of total phenolics was always significantly correlated with the content of rutin. The amounts of all individual phenolics were affected by variety, with the exception of ferulic acid. Generally, these individual phenolics were more abundant in green and intermediate ripening stages, decreasing in full red tomatoes.