Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is a multifactorial global health disorder that disrupts all levels of cell function. Therefore, therapeutic intervention using reliable, affordable and non-toxic natural sources is crucial. Aim: The aim of this article was to determine the chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of 10 essential oils (EOs) from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) methods. Setting: Plant sample was collected at the Botanical Garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Extractions and antioxidant assay were performed at the Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out at the School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Italy. Methods: The chemical constituents were determined using GC-MS. The oils were extracted using an all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and hydrogen peroxide assays. Results: A total of 102 compounds were identified in EOs from C. inophyllum Linn, which are mostly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives. The oils exhibited concentration-dependent activity with reference to standard synthetic antioxidants. Root wood had the highest antioxidant activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 3.19 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (2.84 mg/mL) and butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) (2.97 mg/mL). In the H 2 O 2 antioxidant assay, root wood had the highest antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 2.78 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (2.20 mg/mL) and BHA (2.92 mg/mL). Conclusion: The in vitro chemical compositional analysis of EOs from C. inophyllum Linn confirms the presence of compounds responsible for the antioxidant properties of the plant.
Highlights
Researches on the antioxidant evaluation of volatile constituents from medicinal plants have increased geometrically as a result of gross increase in health disorders triggered by oxidative imbalance
Essential oils obtained from C. inophyllum Linn gave characteristic odours
The antioxidant activity of characterised compounds of C. inophyllum Linn was presented for the first time and extends the knowledge in the broad range of biological activities and therapeutic prospects associated with this medicinal plant
Summary
Researches on the antioxidant evaluation of volatile constituents from medicinal plants have increased geometrically as a result of gross increase in health disorders triggered by oxidative imbalance. This imbalance is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is because of the inability of antioxidants in the body to scavenge the effects of free radicals generated in the human system. Antioxidants are molecules that can safely react with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged (Ajiboye, Moronkola & Adesomoju 2017) These free radicals and ROS may oxidise nucleic acids, proteins, lipids or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and can trigger several degenerative http://www.jomped.co.za. Therapeutic intervention using reliable, affordable and non-toxic natural sources is crucial
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