Antioxidant, Antimutagenic and Cytoprotective Properties of Hydrosos Pistachio Nuts.

Luis Noguera-Artiaga,Armando Burgos-Hernández,Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina,Reyna Luz Vidal-Quintanar,Francisco Javier Cinco-Moroyoqui,Ema C Rosas-Burgos,Joel Said García-Romo

doi:10.3390/molecules24234362

Luis Noguera-Artiaga, Armando Burgos-Hernández + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234362

Copy DOI

Abstract

Pistachio nuts are included among the foods with the highest antioxidant capacity. Stressed cultivating conditions, such as the use of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), are expected to create a plant response that might increase the production of secondary metabolites. Fruits that are obtained under RDI treatments are commonly called hydroSOS products. The aim of this work was to study the influence of using different rootstocks (P. atlantica, P. integerrima, and P. terebinthus) and two RDI treatments on the antioxidant (ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH), antimutagenic (Ames test), and cytotoxicity (MTT assay in five human cell lines) activities of pistachios. P. terebinthus showed the best antioxidant activity, and the RDI treatments maintained and improved the antioxidant properties of pistachios. Neither the rootstock nor the RDI had significant impact on the antimutagenic potential of pistachios. The nut extracts had no toxic effect on non-cancerous cells and the application of RDI did not reduce their cytoprotective capacity. Furthermore, neither rootstock nor RDI treatments affected the ability of the pistachio extracts of preventing the oxidative damage by H2O2. The application of RDI strategies, in addition to allowing irrigation water saving, led to obtaining pistachios with the same or even better biofunctional characteristics as compared to fully irrigated pistachios.

Highlights

The genus Pistacia belongs to the Anacardiaceae, which is a family that comprises about 70 genera and over 600 species
ABTS+ showed that pistachios that were using the P. terebinthus rootstock had the highest antioxidant activity (3.67 mM TE g−1 ), followed by P. integerrima (3.23 mM TE g−1 ), and P. atlantica
In a study evaluating key characteristics of eight pistachio cultivars by Noguera-Artiaga [16], similar values of antioxidant activity for the Kerman cultivar were found, the same cultivar used in the current experiment

Summary

Introduction

The genus Pistacia belongs to the Anacardiaceae, which is a family that comprises about 70 genera and over 600 species. Pistacia vera is the only species of the genus commercially cultivated, and the rest of the species are mostly used as rootstocks [1]. As pistachio cultivation requires the use of rootstock, it is essential to study its influence on nut quality and functional activity. The main pistachio rootstocks are (i) P. terebinthus L. in the Mediterranean basin, (ii) P. integerrima L., and (iii) a hybrid between. P. integerrima Steward ex Brandis and P. atlantica Desf. (UCB-I) in the USA, and P. vera L. in Iran [2,3]. Water is a scarce commodity and all productive sectors depend on it, especially agriculture. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of its use. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is a system of managing water supply by imposing different levels of water deficit at specific phenological

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion