Abstract
Anacardium plants have received increasing recognition due to its nutritional and biological properties. A number of secondary metabolites are present in its leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant. Among the diverse Anacardium plants' bioactive effects, their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities comprise those that have gained more attention. Thus, the present article aims to review the Anacardium plants' biological effects. A special emphasis is also given to their pharmacological and clinical efficacy, which may trigger further studies on their therapeutic properties with clinical trials.
Highlights
Anacardium plants have received an increasing attention in recent years
Among the Anacardium plants, Anacardium occidentale leaf extract is traditionally used in treating various diseases in tropical America, especially in NorthEastern Brazil
Tan and Chan [39] reported that up to 30% decrease can be obtained in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of A. occidentale after blanching
Summary
Anacardium plants have received an increasing attention in recent years. Among the Anacardium plants, Anacardium occidentale (cashew apple) leaf extract is traditionally used in treating various diseases in tropical America, especially in NorthEastern Brazil. Ethanol extract of cashew nut skin demonstrated high total phenolic content and good antioxidant capacity as assessed by ABTS radical scavenging, superoxide scavenging, deoxyribose oxidation, and lipid peroxidation assays [150, 151]. Razali et al [42] reported that A. occidentale shoots methanol extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to ethyl acetate and hexane extracts as assessed by ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion, and NO radical scavenging assays; total phenolic content of methanol extract was found to be higher. In vivo Studies Technical cashew nut shell liquid decreased oxidative stress induced by paraquat or H2O2 exposure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrating the antioxidant activity in the in vivo model assessed by DPPH scavenging and xanthine oxidase assays [152]. The minimum inhibitory doses capable of forming inhibition halos were 0.06 to 0.50 mg/disk, having an effect against Brevibacillus brevis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus cohnii, E. coli, and TABLE 5 | Traditional medicinal uses of Anacardium plants related to bacterial and fungal infection
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