Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities of extracts from different parts of farmed and wild Glossogyne tenuifolia

Abstract

The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties of extracts from different plant parts of farmed and wild Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) were compared. Samples were either extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol (MeOH), respectively. Antioxidant properties were measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD anion scavenging activity. The DPPH and SOD scavenging activities declined in the order of wild GT>farmed GT, aerial>whole plant>root, and MeOH extract>EA extract>hexane extract. The anti-inflammatory properties of these extracts were assayed by nitric oxide suppressing activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation response. The anti-inflammatory activity followed the order of wild GT>farmed GT, root>whole plant>aerial, and hexane extract>EA extract>MeOH extract. For the cytotoxicity on Hep G2 hepatoma cells, extracts from the root of farmed GT had more effective anti-proliferative activity than the extracts from the root of wild GT. In addition, the contents of total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), and amounts of GT's bioactive ingredients luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside (lut-7-g) of these extracts were also measured. Generally, wild GT contained higher amounts of these functional components than farmed GT. The TPC, TFC and luteolin content followed the order of aerial>whole plant>root and MeOH extract>EA extract>hexane extract. However, lut-7-g content was highest in the EA extract from the aerial. Good correlations existed between antioxidant activity and respective TPC, TFC and luteolin content in farmed and wild GT extracts, while the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities were all in poor or inversely proportional correlated with the contents of these components. In conclusion, wild GT had markedly higher bioactivities and more effective ingredients than farmed GT.