Antioxidant, Antigenotoxic and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils and Methanol Extracts of Hyssopus officinalis L. Subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman (Lamiaceae).

Tijana Mićović,Danilo Stojanović,Stevan Samardžić,Dijana Topalović,Suzana Popović,Zoran Maksimović,Sanja Matić,Vladimir Jakovljević,Biljana Spremo-Potparević,Lada Živković,Danijela Stešević,Dejan Baskić

doi:10.3390/plants10040711

Abstract

Hyssopus officinalis L. is a well-known aromatic plant used in traditional medicine and the food and cosmetics industry. The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic properties of characterized hyssop essential oils and methanol extracts. Chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS), respectively. Antioxidant activity was examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) tests; genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity were examined by the comet assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye (MTT) test against tumor cell lines (SW480, MDA-MB 231, HeLa) and non-transformed human lung fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5). The essential oils were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., limonene; 7.99–23.81%), oxygenated monoterpenes (1,8-cineole; 38.19–67.1%) and phenylpropanoids (methyl eugenol; 0.00–28.33%). In methanol extracts, the most abundant phenolics were chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid (23.35–33.46 and 3.53–17.98 mg/g, respectively). Methanol extracts expressed moderate to weak antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 56.04–199.89 µg/mL, FRAP = 0.667–0.959 mmol Fe2+/g). Hyssop preparations significantly reduced DNA damage in human whole blood cells, induced by pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide. Methanol extracts exhibited selective and potent dose- and time-dependent activity against the HeLa cell line. Results of the current study demonstrated notable H. officinalis medicinal potential, which calls for further investigation.

Highlights

Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), is a shrubby perennial herbaceous plant, distributed mostly in the Mediterranean area [1,2,3]
Antioxidant activity was examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) tests; genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity were examined by the comet assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by the 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye (MTT) test against tumor cell lines (SW480, MDA-MB 231, HeLa) and non-transformed human lung fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5)
This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity, as well as cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytocidal effects against human tumor and non-transformed human lung fibroblast cell lines of the investigated Hyssopus officinalis essential oils and/or extracts, with respect to their chemical composition

Summary

Introduction

Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), is a shrubby perennial herbaceous plant, distributed mostly in the Mediterranean area [1,2,3]. In Montenegro and Serbia, Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. It is used in the food and cosmetics industry [4,5,6]. Essential oil is the most important and the most frequently investigated product of hyssop. Available literature data on wild and cultivated plants indicate that its herb yields 0.3–1% of essential oil with isopinocamphone as the dominant compound, along with pinocamphone, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, pinocarvone, linalool, sabinene and methyl eugenol [7,8,9]. Hyssop herb contains flavonoids and phenolic acids, tannins, diterpene lactones (marrubiin) and triterpenoid compounds such as ursolic and oleanolic acid [5,7,10]

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