Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the secondary metabolites, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of four selected seaweeds Padina pavonica, Taonia atomaria, Jania rubens, and Corallina elongata. The maximum value of phenolic content (176.7 ± 6.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g crude extract) and tannin content (26.5 ± 4.3 mg tannic acid equivalents/g crude extract), was shown in the methanol extract of J. rubens and P. pavonica, respectively. While the ethanol extract of T. atomaria recorded the highest values of total flavonoid content (374.1 ±27.4 mg quercetin equivalents/g crude extract) and total saponins content (30.2 ± 0.7 mg cholesterol equivalents/g crude extract, respectively) compared to other seaweeds. Methanol extract of J. rubens and C. elongata exhibited the greatest content of alkaloids (25.8 ± 4.4 and 22.7 ± 2.6 mg/g d wt.). The methanol extract of P. pavonica established the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (55.7% ± 0.1) at 50 μg/mL. Among the selected seaweed extracts, the ethanol extract of T. atomaria demonstrated the maximum α-amylase inhibition capacity (66.3% ± 0.0). Methanol extract of J. rubens and P. pavonica species effectively prevented the hypotonicity-induced haemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the diclofenac potassium as a standard anti-inflammatory drug. In vitro, the reported results also supported the safety and non-toxicity of the four seaweed extracts on WI-38 cell line at lower concentrations. J. rubens and P. pavonica methanol extracts recorded the highest cell growth inhibition of the HeLa Cancer Cell Lines compared to other seaweed extracts and the standard drug Cisplatin.
Highlights
In living organisms, ROS are generated during the metabolism and induced oxidative damage (Santos-Sánchez et al, 2019)
The purpose of this study is to estimate the content of secondary metabolites of four seaweeds J. rubens, C. elongata, T. atomaria, and P. pavonica, which are collected from Rocky Bay of Abu Qir in Alexandria, Egypt
Antioxidants from natural sources are not restricted to terrestrial sources, and studies showed that seaweeds are abundant with natural antioxidant substances (Duan et al, 2006; Kuda et al, 2007), including phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids
Summary
ROS (reactive oxygen species) are generated during the metabolism and induced oxidative damage (Santos-Sánchez et al, 2019). As cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and aging, can be caused by the oxidative stress impact of the ROS on biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (Pirian et al, 2017). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic disturbance defined by an irregular increase in plasma glucose rates due to unbalanced production of insulin and/or insensitivity to the effect of this hormone in cellular receptor signal transduction (Stojkovic et al, 2019). Type 2 represents nearly 90% of all diabetes cases, which is distinguished by a varying degree of insulin resistance and/or insufficient insulin production in cells (Lee et al, 2009)
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