Antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ethanol extract of Zapotecca portoricensis roots

Abstract

This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ethanol extract of Zapotecca portoricensis root. The extract was prepared via cold maceration method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the phytochemical composition of the extract. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) procedures. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extract were evaluated against clinical isolates of Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using agar well diffusion technique. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of seven (7) bioactive compounds. The extract produced concentration dependent increase in the antioxidant values in both the DPPH and FRAP assay protocols. The extract produced concentration-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition against the tested organisms. At 62.5 mg/mL and below concentrations, the zones of inhibition of Z. portoricensis root extract against E. coli and S. aureus were significantly (p < 0.05) lower when compared with the zone of inhibition of Z. portoricensis root extract against S. typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Z. portoricensis root extract against E. coil, S. aureus and S. typhi were 31.25, 15.63 and 62.50 mg/mL concentration, respectively. The extract produced concentration-dependent increase in antibiofilm activity. At 7.5 mg/kg, the extract produced 28.87, 34.01 and 66.45% inhibition of biofilm production against S. typhi, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The extract possess antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities which could be linked to the presence ethyl iso allocholate and hexadecanoic acid