Abstract
BackgroundAlpinia oxyphylla is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. Yakuchinone A is a major constituent of A. oxyphylla and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and gastric protective activities.MethodsAntioxidant and antitumor characteristics of yakuchinone A in skin cancer cells as well as novel mechanisms for the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, cestocidal activities against Hymenolepis nana adults, and nematocidal activities against Anisakis simplex larvae are investigated.ResultsYakuchinone A presents the ability of the removal of DPPH·and ABTS+ free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Yakuchinone A suppresses intracellular lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells and the expressions of leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Yakuchinone A induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in skin cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth by yakuchinone A is more significant for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cells than for melanoma (A375 and B16) and noncancerous (HaCaT and BNLCL2) cells. Treatment BCC cells with yakuchinone A shows down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax, and an increase in cleavage poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This suggests that yakuchinone A induces BCC cells apoptosis through the Bcl-2-mediated signaling pathway. The anthelmintic activities of yakuchinone A for A. simplex are better than for H. nana.ConclusionsIn this work, yakuchinone A exhibits antioxidative properties, anti-adipocyte differentiation, antitumor activity, and anthelmintic activities against A. simplex and H. nana.
Highlights
Alpinia oxyphylla is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine
These results suggest that yakuchinone A exhibits an antioxidant capacity to scavenge DPPH · and ABTS · + free radicals
Theses experimental results suggest that inhibition of cell growth by yakuchinone A is more significant for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) than for melanoma and noncancerous cells
Summary
Alpinia oxyphylla is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. Yakuchinone A is a major constituent of A. oxyphylla and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and gastric protective activities. Cellular oxidative damage that is caused primarily by ROS is a well-. Developing drugs to directly modulate energy metabolism without affecting the central nervous system has caused substantial attention [4,5]. Natural/herbal compounds including berberine, resveratrol, and curcumin are known to modulate obesity either through increasing energy expenditure or inhibiting adipocyte differentiation [6,7,8]. The focus is to develop natural compounds as antioxidants that are possibly used to reduce damage caused by oxidative stress, agedependent diseases, and obesity [9]
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