Abstract
BackgroundMorin is a family of phenolic compounds and is a bioflavonoid ingredient in fruits and vegetables. Morin exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant cell protection and antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects; these activities safely minimize free radical-mediated damage biologically. However, the photoaging mitigation effect of morin on skin cells remains unknown. To investigate the effect of the morin on cell senescence mitigated against photoaging, cell viability, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation experiments were conducted. As a natural result of oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of harmful superoxides and hydroxyl radicals are generated through an oxidation reaction involving heavy metal cations such as iron. This adversely affects DNA, lipids, and proteins; therefore, organisms have a self-protective mechanism against oxidative stress via enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), molecules such as glutathione, and proteins such as thioredoxin. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidative and skin protection functions of morin were examined to investigate the possibility of cosmetics.MethodsTo examine morin-mediated anti-photoaging mechanisms, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were selected as the model cell line and UVA was selected as the stimulus source. The water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay was performed to assess cell viability and cytoxicity in UV-exposed HDFs. To examine the molecular mechanism underlying the antioxidation capacity of morin, genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR, the expressions of several antioxidant enzymes were monitored, and the effect of morin on GPx1, CAT, HO-1, and NRF2 expressions in UV-exposed HDFs was assessed.ResultsThe results of the morin toxicity showed the cell viability was above 100% when the concentration of morin was set at 20 and 50 μM. The cytotoxicity test for oxidative stress through UVA showed that the appropriate intensity of UVA 10 J/cm2 was set as the cell viability reduced by 10 J/cm2. And the cell survival over 100% rate after the morin treatment was 20 and 50 μM cell. A result of mRNA experiments verified that the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes GPx1, CAT, HO-1, and NRF2 increased with morin, in a concentration-dependent manner.ConclusionMorin increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes, which facilitates the antioxidant mechanism to respond to oxidative stress associated with exposure to UV and heat, which are considered to be the most harmful factors damaging the skin cells. This results in ROS removal, a byproduct of the natural metabolism of oxygen and the protection of neurons and proteins from toxicity. In conclusion, this study verified the applicability of morin as a cosmetic ingredient for the protection of cells against oxidization and UV.
Highlights
Morin is a family of phenolic compounds and is a bioflavonoid ingredient in fruits and vegetables
This study confirmed the applicability of the flavonoid morin as an eco-friendly antioxidative cosmetic ingredient for skin cytoprotective and antioxidant effects against Ultraviolet absorption (UVA)-induced free radicals
UVA was selected as a stimulant to test the antioxidant effect and antioxidant enzyme gene expression of morin
Summary
Morin is a family of phenolic compounds and is a bioflavonoid ingredient in fruits and vegetables. As a natural result of oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of harmful superoxides and hydroxyl radicals are generated through an oxidation reaction involving heavy metal cations such as iron This adversely affects DNA, lipids, and proteins; organisms have a self-protective mechanism against oxidative stress via enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), molecules such as glutathione, and proteins such as thioredoxin. This adversely affects DNA, lipids, and proteins; organisms have a self-protective mechanism against oxidative stress, involving enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), molecules such as glutathione, and proteins such as thioredoxin and glutaredoxin (Cabiscol et al 2000). This enzyme contains selenium, a transition metal, at its active site and uses reduced glutathione (GSH) as a substrate to move electrons to H2O2 and other peroxides to generate water
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