Abstract
The acid-depolymerised exopolysaccharides (ADES) of Termitomyces albuminosus were obtained, and the major fraction of ADES1 was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column chromatography. Physicochemical characterizations showed that ADES1 was an α- and a β-configuration with the molecular weight of 2.43 kDa, containing (1→3, 4)-linked-Glcp, (1→4)-linked-D-Glcp, (1→3)-linked-D-Xylp, (1→4)-linked-D-Manp, T-Glcp, (1→6)-linked-D-Galp, and (1→4)-linked-L-Arap. The in vivo assays showed that ADES1 could reduce lipid levels in the serum and liver, decrease serum enzyme activities, and improve antioxidant enzyme activities and p-AMPKα expressions in hyperlipidemic mice, which were also confirmed by histopathological observations. These data indicated that ADES1 might be considered as a novel substance to treat and prevent hyperlipidemia and as a hepatoprotective agent.
Highlights
Hyperlipidemia is a complex status in which low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and/or triglyceride (TG) levels are elevated, while the highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is lowered clinically [1, 2]
Based on the monosaccharide composition analysis (Figures 1(b) and 1(c)), ADES1 was composed of L-Ara, DXyl, D-Man, D-Gal, and D-Glc with a molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.10 : 2.22 : 4.16 : 16.01, showing that ADES1 was a heteropolysaccharide and Glc was the main sugar unit
The differences might be related to the methods of extraction and processing, origin, strains, culture medium, and so on
Summary
Hyperlipidemia is a complex status in which low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and/or triglyceride (TG) levels are elevated, while the highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is lowered clinically [1, 2]. Accumulated reports have demonstrated that hyperlipidemia can be caused by receiving excess highfat/high-cholesterol food [3]. Most of the currently available statins and fibric acid derivatives in clinical practice have been demonstrated to cause adverse effects for the prolonged treatment patients such as myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal insufficiency, liver enzyme elevations, and gastrointestinal side effects [10]. Mushroom polysaccharides from the fruiting body, fermentation liquor, and mycelia have been reported to be useful for lowing hyperlipidemia, such as Pholiota nameko, Lachnum YM281, and Catathelasma ventricosum polysaccharides owing to their higher antioxidant and preoxidant abilities [11,12,13]
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