Antioxidant and gastroprotective effects of the ethyl acetate extract from Stemodia maritima L. in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

Rayane Siqueira De Sousa,Bárbara Azevedo Ramos,Camila Joyce Alves Da Silva,Marília Grasielly De Farias Silva,Jéssica De Andrade Gomes Silva,Teresinha Gonçalves Silva,Raudiney Frankilin Vasconcelos Mendes,Elizabeth Fernanda De Oliveira Borba,Katharina Rodrigues De Lima Porto Ramos,Pérsio Alexandre Da Silva

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22548

Abstract

Stemodia maritima L., is a shrub of the Plantaginaceae family, with some biological activities already described, such as: larvicide, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant, and gastroprotective activities of the ethyl acetate extract from S. maritima. The phytochemical profile was investigated through the quantification of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and CCD analysis. The toxicity of the extract was performed through cell viability using L929 line cell, and acute toxicity by the OECD Guide 423. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by the methods of reduction of the ferric ion (FRAP), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the gastroprotective activity by the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, with analysis of NO, MDA, GSH and MPO levels in the stomach tissues. In the phytochemical profile it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, mono, and sesquiterpenes. The extract was not cytotoxic against L929 lineage, maintaining cell viability above 70% at the doses tested, and in acute toxicity it did not show physiological changes indicative of toxicity compared to the control group. The extract presented antioxidant activity of 157.3 ± 9.7 mg equivalent of Trolox/g of extract in the FRAP method, and 50.0 ± 1.1 % by TAA. The ethyl acetate extract of S. maritima, at the doses tested, reduced the ulcerative lesion index compared to the injured control group, increased the levels of NO and GSH, and was able to decrease the concentrations of MDA and MPO, enhancing their gastroprotective activity.

Highlights

The gastric ulcer, which appears in the stomach mucosa, presents as inflammatory or necrotizing lesions causing pain, bleeding, obstruction, and even perforations that can progress to death
2.3.2 Dosage of total phenolic compounds According to the methodology proposed by Li et al (2008), the dosage of total phenolic compounds in AcSm was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, in triplicate
3.1 Phytochemical profile analysis Analysis by CCD indicated the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids, mono and sesquiterpenes in AcSm (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

The gastric ulcer, which appears in the stomach mucosa, presents as inflammatory or necrotizing lesions causing pain, bleeding, obstruction, and even perforations that can progress to death. Treatments for gastric ulcers mainly include histamine H2-receptor antagonist drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and antacids They are not fully effective methods of cure, as they act only to relieve symptoms, and there is a high rate of relapse after treatment interruption, which may be related to serious side effects (Kavitt et al, 2019). There are reports of antiviral, and cytotoxic activities of analogues derived from crenatoside and stemodin, respectively, compounds that can be found in S. maritima (Chen et al, 2016; RUSSEL et al, 2011) Despite these data, there are no reports of specific studies for gastric ulcer inflammation with S. maritima L. extract or its bioactive metabolites. This work aimed to investigate the in vivo gastroprotective and antioxidant activities of the ethyl acetate extract of S. maritima leaves (AcSm), analyze the phytochemical profile and toxicity, as well as contribute for enriching the scientific community, as our group is a pioneer in the study of gastroprotection of this species

Methodology

Results and Discussion

Conclusion