Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of essential oil, water and ethanol extracts of major Indian spices

Abstract

Essential oils, water and ethanol extracts of black pepper, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, Garcinia indica, G. gummi-gutta, tamarind and curry leaves were examined for their antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines by in vitro methods. Essential oils of ginger, turmeric, cinnamon and curry leaf were highly cytotoxic, reducing cell viability to 14 to 30% of untreated control; water and ethanol extracts of G. indica, turmeric, cinnamon, tamarind and curry leaf were also cytotoxic, though to a lesser extent (27% to none); ethanol extracts displayed approximately 50% higher cytotoxicity than water extracts. Antioxidant potential of water and ethanol extracts were similar, and decreased after six months of storage in most extracts; most were superior to BHA and BHT. Antioxidant potential of ethanol was also greater than water extracts. Change in essential oil chemoprofile stored at 4°C for a year compared to fresh, most notably t-caryophyllene, is also reported here.