Antioxidant and antimicrobial responses associated with in vitro salt stress of in vitro and in vivo grown Pistacia khinjuk stocks

Emine Ayaz Ti̇lkat,Veysel Süzerer,İbrahim S Kuru,Nesrin Haşi̇mi̇

doi:10.15835/nbha48412016

Emine Ayaz Ti̇lkat, Veysel Süzerer + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha48412016

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Abstract

P. khinjuk Stocks, known as Bıttım or Buttum in Turkey, is a member of the Anacardiaceae family. The essential oil of khinjuk pistachio has been used to treat various illnesses because of their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiviral effects in various folk medicines. At the same time, fruits of khinjuk pistachio are used as edible wild fruits. In this study, it was aimed to determine and compare the antibacterial, antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid amounts of different parts (root, stem and leaf explants) of in vivo (grown naturally) and in vitro derived khinjuk pistachio plants under salt (NaCl) stress. Ethanol extracted explants were used for performing biological and chemical parameters. According to the results, generally, in vivo samples shows higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activity besides the higher number of phenolic compounds than their counterparts in vitro. We have also determined that the biological activity of in vitro salt elicited explants was higher than in vitro control explants. Generally, both female and male in vivo samples have higher antioxidants (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC) and antimicrobial activities than in vitro samples. The various plant parts (root, stem, leaf) belonging to both in vivo and in vitro samples have different biological activity level. In terms of antimicrobial activity, female plant extracts are more active than all other tested extracts. As a result, although increased salinity values significantly reduced antimicrobial activity, it is determined that 100 mM NaCl applications to in vitro leaf extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans.

Highlights

Pistacia, a genus of flowering plants from the family Anacardiaceae, contains about twenty species; among them, five are more well-known, including P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus
It was determined that there is a positive correlation between soluble carbohydrate values and POD activities due to the increased NaCl concentration (Ayaz Tilkat et al, 2017). In this context, the current study aims to investigate and compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the root, stem, and leaf extracts obtained from the plantlets germinated under different salt concentrations in vitro, and the same parts extract from in vivo grown plants
Biological material In this study, leaves, roots, and stems of mature male and female P. khinjuk Stocks trees raised in Gaziantep Pistachio Research Institute were used for obtaining in vivo extracts, and mature seeds of this trees were used as in-vitro salt stress experiments for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity studies

Summary

Introduction

A genus of flowering plants from the family Anacardiaceae, contains about twenty species; among them, five are more well-known, including P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus. The species of the genus Pistacia are evergreen or deciduous resin-bearing shrubs and trees, which are characterized as xerophytic trees and growing to 8-10 m tall. The leaves are alternate, pinnately compounds, and can be either evergreen or deciduous, depending on species. The genus Pistacia has been used by many. Received in revised form: 19 Nov 2020.

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