Abstract
Background Garcinia is a large genus which has promising bioactivities. However, the properties of many Garcinia species have not been investigated thoroughly. Aim To determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial capabilities of the extracts from different Garcinia species. Methodology. Six Garcinia species, including Garcinia fusca, Garcinia hopii, Garcinia planchonii, Garcinia nigrolineata, Garcinia gaudichaudii, and Garcinia tinctoria were extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, producing n-hexane extract (HE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE), and methanol extract (ME). After that, the total polyphenol content was evaluated using Folin–Ciocalteu assay. DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays were performed to test the antioxidant activity. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains were assessed using Kirby Bauer and the broth microdilution methods. Results Many Garcinia extracts contained high total polyphenol content consisting of ME of G. hopii ad G. tinctoria, and EAE of G. planchonii and G. tinctoria. The EAE of G. tinctoria showed effective antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 1.5 µg/mL). Additionally, the EAE of G. gaudichaudii was effective against Gram-positive bacteria with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 15.625–25 µg/mL whereas ME of G. planchonii was effective against both Gram-positive bacteria (MIC = 160 µg/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 75 µg/mL). Conclusion Several extracts of Garcinia species demonstrated valuable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Highlights
Introduction e genusGarcinia belonging to the Clusiaceae family is a sizable group of plants
Xanthones collected from the root of G. fusca inhibited α-glucosidase, making it a candidate for antidiabetes [10] whereas quinone and xanthones isolated from the extracts of G. nigrolineata show high antibacterial activity [6, 11, 12]
Gallic acid was used as a standard. e results were expressed as microgram of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per milligram of the extracts (Table 2)
Summary
Introduction e genusGarcinia belonging to the Clusiaceae family is a sizable group of plants. E most widely studied is G. mangostana or mangosteen, the extract of which contains a high amount of isoprenylated xanthones exerting anticancer, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic effects [1] Another species of Garcinia is G. cambogia, whose extract containing high hydroxycitric acid which is used as a weight-loss supplement by reducing fat accumulation [2, 3]. Xanthones collected from the root of G. fusca inhibited α-glucosidase, making it a candidate for antidiabetes [10] whereas quinone and xanthones isolated from the extracts of G. nigrolineata show high antibacterial activity [6, 11, 12] Another outstanding feature is that the fruit rind of G. indica possesses both antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties [13]. Several extracts of Garcinia species demonstrated valuable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
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