Abstract

Agave species are a source of diverse products for human use, such as food, fiber, and beverages, which include mezcal, a distilled beverage produced by spontaneous fermentation. Agave is an excellent source of high amounts of sugars, minerals, and phenolic compounds, which favor the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast communities. In this work, 20 promising LAB strains with probiotic characteristics were isolated from the agave fermentation stage in mezcal production. The strains belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum (15), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (2), Enterococcus faecium (2), and Lactococcus lactis (1). These isolates were characterized for their resistance under gastrointestinal conditions, such as lysozyme, acid pH, and bile salts. In addition, the adherence of these LABs to human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) was tested in vitro and their antioxidant and immunomodulatory profile was determined using cellular models. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 and LM19 strains were selected for their antioxidant properties, and their capacities in an oxidative stress model in intestinal epithelial cells IECs (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. Interestingly, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 and LM19 strains showed anti-inflammatory properties in TNF-α-stimulated HT-29 cells. Subsequently, bacterial strains exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were tested in vivo in a mouse model with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced chronic colitis. Weight loss, intestinal permeability, and cytokine profiles were measured in mice as indicators of inflammation. One of the selected strains, Lactobacillus plantarum LM17, improved the health of the mice, as observed by reduced weight loss, and significantly decreased intestinal permeability. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of LAB (and lactobacilli in particular) isolated from the agave fermentation stage in mezcal production. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 strains represent potential candidates for developing new probiotic supplements to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Highlights

  • Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts [1]

  • The beneficial antioxidant effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been attributed to enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase/GSH, and thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin systems, which decrease the risk of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the host during food intake and intestinal homeostasis

  • The agave fermentation process involves a predominant community of lactobacilli

Read more

Summary

Introduction

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts [1]. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1063 probiotic strains, important criteria are resistance to gastrointestinal passage (e.g., resistance to acid pH and bile salts), adhesion to the gut, and a beneficial effect on host health. Among the beneficial properties attributed to some probiotic strains, we can mention their anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells, antagonism against pathogenic bacteria, cholesterol reduction, and antioxidant activity [2,3]. The beneficial antioxidant effects of LAB have been attributed to enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase/GSH, and thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin systems, which decrease the risk of ROS accumulation in the host during food intake and intestinal homeostasis. Antioxidant activity is considered a functional property for the selection of candidate probiotic strains [7,8,9,10]. It is important to analyze the antioxidant effect using cellular, animal, and human trials to determine the efficiency and mechanism of antioxidative action

Methods
Results
Conclusion
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call