Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to determine the relationship between the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the thirteen herbs and two fungi extracts, and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents.MethodsAntioxidant activities were evaluated by four assays: an antioxidant activity assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a DPPH ((2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay to assess free radical scavenging, an assay assessing ferrous ions or iron (II) chelating ability, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activities were determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide and TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-γ-activated J774A.1 macrophages. Their cytotoxicities against macrophages were determined by MTT assay.ResultsA positive linear correlation between antioxidant activities and the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the plant extracts was found. The plant extracts with high phenolic and flavonoid content also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with good cell viability.ConclusionThe selected herbs could be a rich source of antioxidants and free radical scavenging compounds. The levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were correlated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts from the herbs.
Highlights
This study aims to determine the relationship between the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the thirteen herbs and two fungi extracts, and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents
Chemicals and reagents Gallic acid, quercetin, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium carbonate, aluminium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, H2O2, Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent, ascorbic acid, 95% ethanol, bovine serum albumin (BSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS: E. coli serotype 0127:B8), EDTA, N-(1-1napthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, penicillin G sodium benzyl, resazurin sodium 10%, streptomycin, sulfanilamide, tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) and trypan blue were purchased from Sigma (Australia) and Lomb Scientific Pty Ltd. (Australia)
Water extracts The highest phenolic content was found in C. bonariensis (H15: 200.0 μg/mg), followed by A. argyi (H7: 137.3 μg/mg), E. brevicornum (H14: 101.9 μg/mg) and P. vulgaris (H9: 100.0 μg/mg), while the lowest content was found in P. grandiflora (H13: 5.21 μg/mg)
Summary
This study aims to determine the relationship between the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the thirteen herbs and two fungi extracts, and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Thirteen medicinal plants and two fungi (Table 1) were chosen in this study for the measurement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Indigestion, heartburn, gallbladder stones, constipation, jaundice, diabetes, urinary tract infections (UTI), spleen dysfunction, liver disorders, fever and worms.
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