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Abstract
In Vietnam, the aerial parts of Ruellia tuberosa L. are used to treat stress oxidation and inflammatory symptoms in diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant and inflammatory inhibition activities of Ruellia tuberosa L. extract (RTE) and those of the isolated compounds by column chromatography. The crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays with an IC50 of 25.18 and 14.71 (DPPH test) and 18.22 and 15.27 µg/ml (ABTS test), respectively. The RTE contained high concentrations of polyphenols (308.21 mg GAE/g) and moderate concentrations of flavonoids (97.80 mg QE/g). In the anti-inflammatory screening assay, the crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions suppressed the release of IL-6 and nitric oxide production, but the production of IL-10 was not enhanced in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Three potential anti-inflammatory compounds as hispidulin (6), physalin E (7), and physalin D (8) along with five other compounds named myricitrin (1), afzelin (2), apigenin (3), taraxerol (4), and lupeol (5) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. Physalin D (8) exhibited a strong, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines; however, the IL-10 expression was independent of its concentration in macrophages at noncytotoxic concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μg/mL. Based on the data obtained, compounds 6–8 sourced from Ruellia tuberosa L are potentially bioactive compounds for the treatment of inflammation symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is related to high plasma glucose because of a shortage of insulin production, insulin action, or both. e goal of type 2 diabetes treatment is to regulate blood glucose levels at normal or near-normal levels [1]
Aside from the crude ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the other fractions, exhibiting an IC50 value of 12.29 and 14.70 μg/mL in the DPPH and ABTS experiments, respectively. e antioxidant activity conforms with the high concentration of the total
In addition to the antioxidant effects, they exhibited anti-inflammatory activity [32, 33]. e results of this study indicate that the crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction are potential sources of antioxidant compounds and Ruellia tuberosa may help prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is related to high plasma glucose because of a shortage of insulin production, insulin action, or both. e goal of type 2 diabetes treatment is to regulate blood glucose levels at normal or near-normal levels [1]. E results of this study indicate that the crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction are potential sources of antioxidant compounds and Ruellia tuberosa may help prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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