Abstract
Utilization of endophytic bacteria such as actinobacteria is one of the alternatives to obtain the bioactive compounds similar to the host plant. This study aimed to identify compounds produced by rhizosphere and endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Xylocarpus granatum for their antioxidant and antiglycation activity. Actinobacterial culture supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Whole TLC-bioautography and phytochemical tests were used to predict the group of active compounds. Antiglycation activity was identified based on the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Fifteen actinobacterial isolates had been isolated from rhizosphere (ten isolates), fruit (two isolates), and leaf (two isolates) of X. granatum. All isolates had been tested for their antioxidant and antiglycation activity. Isolate XR2 had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1719.26 mg/L. Meanwhile, the highest antiglycation activity was obtained from isolate XR8 with IC50 value of 327.62 mg/L. This study informs that actinobacteria also live in the fruit, leaves and rhizosphere of X. granatum. The existence of rhizosphere and endophytic actinobacteria from X. granatum and their antioxidant and antiglycation activities contributes to the understanding of their diversity and potency as an antioxidant and antiglycation agent.
Highlights
Xylocarpus granatum is an ancient mangrove plant spreads in the regions of Kalimantan and Sulawesi
This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites of rhizosphere and endophytic actinobacteria isolated from X. granatum plant organs and ecosystem which have antioxidant and antiglycation activities
Actinobacterial colonies from soil that have grown were purified in yeast malt extract (YM) media
Summary
Xylocarpus granatum is an ancient mangrove plant spreads in the regions of Kalimantan and Sulawesi Parts of this plant such as leaves, stem and fruit have a unique secondary metabolite, called limonoid which has anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, antidepressant, and neuroprotective activities (Srivastava et al, 2015; Gao et al, 2016, Zhou et al, 2016; Pejin & Glumac, 2018). Secondary metabolite compounds are minor compounds contained in organisms, such as plants It requires a lot of samples used to produce this compound. This condition can cause environmental damage and ecosystem instability in nature. Bioactive compounds can be obtained in a short time The metabolites produced are less diverse with limited activity
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