Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are natural glycosidase inhibitors with excellent antioxidant activity. This study aims to search for a new source of proanthocyanidins for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes with higher content and better activity and get their structure elucidated. First, the total proanthocyanidins contents (TOPCs), antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity of seven common Polygonaceae plants were analyzed and compared. Then proanthocyanidins from the rhizome of Fagopyrum dibotrys were purified, and the detailed structure was comprehensively analyzed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The rhizome of F. dibotrys showed the highest TOPCs, the strongest antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities; the TOPCs, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were all very significantly positively correlated. Proanthocyanidins purified from the rhizome of F. dibotrys showed better antidiabetic activity than grape seed proanthocyanidins (GsPs). Seventy-two proanthocyanidins from trimer to undecamer with a mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of about 5.02 ± 0.21 were identified with catechin and epicatechin as the dominant monomers. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidins are the main antioxidant and antidiabetic active substances of F. dibotrys and are expected to be developed into potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic products.
Highlights
In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing year by year and remains high in the world, which brings great medical and economic burden to society [1]
The results showed that proanthocyanidins were detected in all the samples, but The total proanthocyanidins content (TOPCs) in different samples were significantly different
The results showed that TOPCs were significantly positively correlated with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, and all the antioxidant activities and antidiabetic activities were significantly positively correlated with each other
Summary
The incidence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing year by year and remains high in the world, which brings great medical and economic burden to society [1]. Many of the biological activities of proanthocyanidins are mainly realized through their excellent antioxidant activity and interaction with proteins [9] Proanthocyanidins have both excellent antioxidant activity and glycosidase inhibitory activity, which has been proved to be able to effectively relieve oxidative stress while preventing and treating diabetes [2,3,4,5]. It is of great significance to search for natural plant resources of proanthocyanidins with high content, wide sources, and low cost and to elucidate their structural characteristics for the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes [1,2,3,4,5,7]
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