Abstract
Distilled from the heartwood of Santalum album, Indian sandalwood oil is an essential oil that historically has been used as a natural active ingredient in cosmetics to condition and brighten the skin. It has been documented to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities. Here, we investigated the protective and anti-aging effects of Indian sandalwood oil in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells and in human skin explants after exposure to oxidative stress. Using a probe DCFH-DA, the antioxidant capacity of Indian sandalwood oil was monitored following exposure to blue light at 412 nm and 450 nm or cigarette smoke. The anti-aging effect of sandalwood oil was also explored in human skin explants via the assessment of collagenase level (MMP-1). We reported that Indian sandalwood oil possessed antioxidant potential that can scavenge the ROS generated by a free radical generating compound (AAPH). Subsequent exposure to environmental stressors revealed that Indian sandalwood oil possessed superior antioxidant activity in comparison to vitamin E (alpha tocopherol). Using human skin explants, this study demonstrated that Indian sandalwood oil can also inhibit the pollutant-induced level of MMP-1. The findings indicated that Indian sandalwood oil can potentially serve as a protective and anti-aging active ingredient in cosmetics and dermatology against environmental stressors.
Highlights
Essential oils and plant parts containing essential oils have long been valued for their ability to have a positive effect on human health
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We described in this study a novel property of Indian sandalwood oil as a protective active ingredient against the detrimental effect of environmental stressors in vitro and on human skin ex vivo
Summary
Essential oils and plant parts containing essential oils have long been valued for their ability to have a positive effect on human health. Essential oils are broadly classified as terpenes and their mono oxygenated analogues are classified as terpenols. These molecules are produced by many plants in nature with two main types of terpenes being found: monoterpenes, molecules with a C10 carbon frame, and sesquiterpenes, with a C15 carbon frame. The oil is renowned for its olfactory characteristics, having a soft, warm, and woody odor. As a result of this odor, the oil has found its way into many applications such as perfumery, attars, and incense [2]
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