Abstract
All parts of Thanakha (Hesperethusa crenulata R.) have been used as traditional skin care herbal material in Myanmar. In this study, coumarins from H. crenulata R. bark were isolated through solvent extraction, systematic solvent fractionation, and repeated column chromatography. Spectroscopic analyses using ESI–MS, 1D NMR (1H and 13C), 2D NMR (gHSQC and gHMBC), specific rotation, circular dichroism, and IR spectrometry revealed three coumarins 2R-7-hydroxy-8-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-coumarin (compound 1), peucedanol (compound 2), and methylpeucedanol (compound 3), which were first isolated from Thanakha tree. Antioxidant capacities of three coumarins decreased as follows: compound 2 > compound 3 > compound 1. Treatments of lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 human monocytic cells with compounds 2 and 3 at 378.8 μM and 359.7 μM inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α production by approximately 32.7% and 13.3%, respectively, compared with the negative control. In summary, these results suggest that Thanakha bark extracts can be used as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory source for cosmetic ingredients.
Highlights
Hesperethusa crenulata R. (Thanakha) is distributed in Southeast and South Asia, Myanmar, India, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka [1]
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a component of Gram-negative bacteria that induces an inflammatory response to lead to production of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1
The presence of coumarins in the EtOAc layer obtained from the 70% (v/v) aqueous MeOH extract of H. crenulata bark was confirmed by Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), in which the spots showed UV absorption at 254 and 330 nm and an orange color under 10% (v/v) sulfuric acid and heating
Summary
Hesperethusa crenulata R. (Thanakha) is distributed in Southeast and South Asia, Myanmar, India, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka [1]. (Thanakha) is distributed in Southeast and South Asia, Myanmar, India, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka [1]. Thanakha paste made from the pulp of H. crenulata has been used for cosmetic purposes in Myanmar for over 2000 years. Several cosmetic companies located at Myanmar have used Thanakha as an ingredient of cosmetic products [1, 3, 4]. Characteristic features of H. crenulata physiology are aromatic volatile oil and a variety of secondary metabolites including coumarins, steroids, indoles, benzoquinones, and flavonoids [1, 5, 6]. Several studies have reported that H. crenulata extract exhibits various biological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-coagulant effects [1, 5, 7, 8]. A monophenol peucedanol was previously reported to show free-radical-scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation [9–11]. Peucedanol inhibited the activities of cholinesterases such as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [11].
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