Abstract

 
 
 
 Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant activity of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz fruit extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia.
 Methods: BV2 cells were treated with LPS for 24 h in the presence or absence of O. indicum fruit extract. Then, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 6 (IL-16) levels were measured using Griess reagent assay, CM-H2DCFDA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant property of the extract was also investigated by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays.
 Results: Levels of IL-6, NO, and ROS in LPS-treated BV2 cells were significantly higher than those in control (p < 0.01). However, exposure of LPS-treated BV2 cells to O. indicum extract led to a marked decrease in the levels of these parameters, when compared to the untreated cells (p < 0.01). Results from DPPH and ABTS assays showed that the O. indicum extract exhibited good antioxidant properties, with total flavonoid and total phenolic contents of 115.58 ± 1.09 and 131.04 ± 2.37 mg/g of dried extract, respectively.
 Conclusion: The results demonstrate that O. indicum fruit exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Thus O. indicum fruit might be beneficial in the development of novel anti-oxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory herbal medicines. However, the mechanisms by which O. indium fruits reduces NO and IL-6 needs to be further investigated.
 
 
 
Highlights
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress mediated by activated microglia have been implicated in the onset and the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases [1]
MTT assay was applied to determine the effect of O. indicum fruit extract on the viability of BV2 cells
The results demonstrated that O. indicum fruit extract at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL exhibited no toxicity against BV2 cells (Figure 1)
Summary
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress mediated by activated microglia have been implicated in the onset and the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases [1]. Oroxylum indicum (L) Kurz, a plant in the Bignoniaceae family is distributed throughout India and South East Asia. This plant has been applied as a traditional herbal medicine for treatment illnesses in China and Japan [4]. The present study was carried out to determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of O. indicum fruits extract on BV2 microglial cells stimulated with LPS. When cells reached 80 % confluence, the medium in each well was removed, and replaced with new serumfree DAEM containing various concentrations of O. indicum fruit extract (0 - 50 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of LPS. In order to quantify the levels of NO, IL-6 and ROS, the growth medium was completely removed and replaced with new medium containing LPS, with or without various concentrations of O. indicum fruit extract.
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