Abstract
Salvia palaestina (Lamiaceae) is listed as native plant in Flora Palaestina. In the Palestinian kitchen, its leaves is virtually used in daily basis with the breakfast tea to add its distinct pleasant flavor and aromatic aroma. In order to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of cultivated S. palaestina, the leaves of the herb were collected, air-dried, steam distilled and the culminated essential oils were subjected to GC-MS analysis. About two dozens of volatile and semivolatile phytochemicals were separated and identified. The principal components were eucalyptol (47.09%) and camphor (8.73%). The antioxidant activity of the oil was estimated by 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The IC50 was 2.333 mg/ml after 30 min, while after 90 min it was 1.585 mg/ml, meaning that the antioxidant activity of the oil increased with time. Linear relation between concentration and activity was observed. The antimicrobial activity was examined by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of 5 µl of the essential oil was found to be greater than the activity of gentamicin in the case of Staphylococcus aureus while it was nearly the same as gentamicin against E.coli. Furthermore, this concentration was two times more active than nystatin against Candida albicans.
Highlights
Infectious diseases represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the developing countries in particular (Enwonwu and Salako, 2000)
Antimicrobial activity The antimicrobial activity of 5 μl of S. palaestina essential oil was examined on gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis), gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli) and fungus (Candida albicans) in the presence of positive control by using disc diffusion method
The antioxidant activity results revealed that the activity of S. palaestina oil is less than that of the positive control (BHT)
Summary
Infectious diseases represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the developing countries in particular (Enwonwu and Salako, 2000). Developments in biomedical science emphasize the involvement of free radicals in the pathophysiology of many diseases, degenerative diseases. Antioxidants may play an important role in disease prevention and they are defined as compounds that inhibit or delay the oxidation of other molecules by inhibiting the initiation or propagation of oxidizing chain reactions Their antioxidant activity is based on their ability to donate hydrogen atoms to free radicals and they are usually phenolic compounds with potent scavenging activity (Aruoma, 1994). The essential oil of Salvia species is used in some countries as antioxidant due to its scavenging activity of free radicals to prevent and repair related degenerative diseases (Miguel, 2011). The current study is conducted to separate and identify the chemical composition and to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the essential oil of S. palaestina and to use the gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact mode to reveal the components identities
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