Abstract
Objectives: Essential oil and their compounds are getting increasing interest due to their multipurpose functional as alternatives to artificial preservatives. The aim of this study was focused to comparative analyses on hydrodistillation, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of essential oil derived from Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaves procured from natural leaves, in-vitro leaves, and callus sources.
 Methods: The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the TPC equivalent and antioxidant activity of essential oils.
 Results: TPC of essential oil from in-vitro sources of leaves contained 14.79 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry plant material and its IC50 value was found to be 70% in 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl assay. Thus, this source of essential oil showed good free radical scavenging activity.
 Conclusion: The estimated biological potential was obtained in the essential oil from in-vitro sources of leaves M. alternifolia.
Highlights
Many complementary and alternative medicines have enjoyed increased popularity in recent decades
Essential oil yield from natural leaves, in-vitro leaves, and callus sources of M. alternifolia The yield of hydrodistillation essential oils from M. alternifolia in-vitro leaves was 50% (v/w) (Table 1) and it was characterized by a pale yellowish color and pleasant aromatic fragrance
The phenolic compounds are often correlated to the antioxidant activity due to their capability to act as electron donors in free radical reaction
Summary
Many complementary and alternative medicines have enjoyed increased popularity in recent decades. TTO is very famous, and it is used in cosmetic and health care It is used for treating ringworm and athlete’s foot, cuts and scrapes, acne, dandruff, and skin infections such as herpes, wounds, warts, burns, insect bites, nail mycosis, colds, sore throat, gingival infections, hemorrhoids, and vaginal infections [1,2,3,4,5]. It has other therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anticancer [6,7], antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and analgesic properties [8,9,10]. The monoterpenes terpinen-4ol, γ-terpinene, α-terpinene, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, terpinolene, limonene, and sabinene account for 80–90% of the oil [12]
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