Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of samples of the ascidian Didemnum sp. collected from Seribu Islands, Jakarta.Methods: Antioxidant activity was tested using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Didemnum sp. was extracted into methanol andthen fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Fractions with the highest antioxidant activity were further fractionated using acceleratedcolumn chromatography.Results: The concentration of sample that reduced the DPPH radical by 50% (IC50) in a methanol extract of Didemnum sp. was 105.10 μg/mL. The ethylacetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 of 90.804 μg/mL). The most active fraction obtained from accelerated column chromatographyfraction had an IC50 of 86.35 μg/mL. The compounds contained in the most active fractions were alkaloids, saponins, steroids/triterpenoids, andglycosides.Conclusion: The methanol extract of the ascidian Didemnum sp. exhibited antioxidant activity. Fractionation of the Didemnum sp. extract showed thatthe ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity. Further, fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction by accelerated column chromatographyshowed that fraction VI had the highest antioxidant activity. The most active fraction contained alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins, andglycosides.
Highlights
Indonesia has a highly diverse marine biota system
The IC50 of Didemnum sp. was 105.10 μg/mL. These results showed that the methanol extract had potent antioxidant activity because the IC50 value was
The highest antioxidant activity was observed in fraction VI, with an IC50 of 86.3507 μg/mL followed by fraction IX (103.5269 μg/mL), fraction VIII (104.17 μg/mL), fraction VII (104.8748 μg/mL), fraction III (115.1258 μg/mL), fraction V (117.6768 μg/mL), fraction II (210.0203 μg/mL), fraction IV (229.0921 μg/mL), and fraction I (312.0034 μg/mL)
Summary
Indonesia has a highly diverse marine biota system. This diversity provides an opportunity to utilize marine biota as a source of natural medicines. The utilization of this potential has not been optimal. Marine organisms are a source of new potential drug compounds. Collaborations between researchers from various institutions with pharmacologists have led to major advances in the discovery of medicines from marine biota. As an example, >10,000 bioactive compounds have been successfully isolated from marine biota and approximately 300 patents of these compounds were successfully published from 1969 to 1999 [1,2]
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