Abstract
The coastlines with rocky shores at Java Island Ind onesia, Gunung Kidul (Yogyakarta) and Jepara (Central Java), have abundant resources of brown algae Sargassum sp. Little effort, however, has been made to explor e the antioxidant potential of the algae harvested from t hese area. Tropical brown algae have proven to prod uce a very effective antioxidant defence system due to the str ong UV radiation in the tropical environment. The T otal Phenolic Content (TPC) of the extracts were evaluated by using Follin Ciocalteau reagent, while antiox idant activities were evaluated by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-P icrylhydrzyl Radical Scavenging Activity (DPPH-RSA) and Ferrous Ion-Chelating (FIC) ability. The effects of treatments on TPC and antioxidant activities were analysed using analysis of variance models. There were four treatments and three replicates. These treatments w ere extract types (cytoplasmic and membrane bound), harvest sites (Gunung Kidul and Jepara), harvest seasons (dry and rainy) and various Sargassum species . The TPC of extracts varied from 0.006-0.65 and 6. 72-21.99 g phloroglucinol equivalent/100 g dried extract for c ytoplasmic and membrane bound extract, respectively. The DPPH-RSA in extracts concentration of 0.45 mg mL -1 were in the range of 14.61-48.71 % for membrane bound and 0.17-44.05 % for cytoplasmic extracts. The FIC in extract concentration of 3.3 mg mL -1 were in the range of 2.0512.51 and 26.77-68.80 % for cytoplasmic and membrane bound extract, respectively. Nevertheless, th ese extracts had lower activity when compared with BHT and EDTA as positive control of RSA-DPPH and FIC, respectively. The antioxidant activities of Sargassum were influenced by types of extracts, harvest site s, seasons and species. The antioxidant activity of membrane b ound was higher than cytoplasmic extract. The incre asing of DPPH-RSA and FIC were proportional to TPC. The highest antioxidant activity was found at S. hystrix from Gunung Kidul area harvested during dry season.
Highlights
The genus Sargassum, a kind of brown algae, is a tropical and sub-tropical brown seaweed in subtidal and intertidal areas, comprising 150 species (Olabarria et al, 2009)
Total Phenolic Content (TPC): The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of the extracts were determined from regression equation of standard curve y = 3.91x+0.002 and expressed as gram of Phloro Glucinol Equivalents (PGE) per 100 g of extract
The TPC revealed that membrane bound extracts of S. hystrix from Gunung Kidul area at dry season showed the highest yield among the other extracts
Summary
The genus Sargassum, a kind of brown algae, is a tropical and sub-tropical brown seaweed in subtidal and intertidal areas, comprising 150 species (Olabarria et al, 2009). The distribution and population structure of Sargassum species were influenced by water temperature, tidal levels, water movement and substrate types (i.e., rocky shores) (Ang, 1986; Ateweberhan et al, 2005). The coastlines with rocky shores at Java Island Indonesia, Gunung Kidul (Yogyakarta) and Jepara (Central Java), have abundant resources of seaweed, especially brown algae Sargassum sp., little effort has been made to explore the antioxidant potential of seaweed harvested from these area. Antioxidant compounds play an important role against various diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disorders and cancer) and aging processes (Kohen and Nyska, 2002)
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