Antioxidant Activity of Bioactive Peptide Fractions from Germinated Soybeans Conjugated to Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by the Ugi Multicomponent Reaction.

Yarelys Elena Augusto-Jimenez,Carlos Díaz-Águila,Eliseo Cristiani-Urbina,Hernani Yee-Madeira,Daniel Uribe-Ramírez,Dany Naranjo-Feliciano,Rosalva Mora-Escobedo,Marcela González-Montoya

doi:10.3390/molecules26195726

Abstract

The conjugation of biomolecules to magnetic nanoparticles has emerged as promising approach in biomedicine as the treatment of several diseases, such as cancer. In this study, conjugation of bioactive peptide fractions from germinated soybeans to magnetite nanoparticles was achieved. Different fractions of germinated soybean peptides (>10 kDa and 5–10 kDa) were for the first time conjugated to previously coated magnetite nanoparticles (with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and sodium citrate) by the Ugi four-component reaction. The crystallinity of the nanoparticles was corroborated by X-ray diffraction, while the particle size was determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The analyses were carried out using infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetry, which confirmed the coating and functionalization of the magnetite nanoparticles and conjugation of different peptide fractions on their surfaces. The antioxidant activity of the conjugates was determined by the reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The nanoparticles synthesized represent promising materials, as they have found applications in bionanotechnology for enhanced treatment of diseases, such as cancer, due to a higher antioxidant capacity than that of fractions without conjugation. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed for a >10 kDa peptide fraction conjugated to the magnetite nanoparticles coated with APTES.

Highlights

The main challenges for magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) used in biomedicine are related to their tendency to agglomerate and lack of biocompatibility [1]
The methodology comprised three fundamental parts: (1) synthesis of Fe3 O4 NPs, (2) functionalization of Fe3 O4 NPs in the form of either carboxylic acid or amine, and (3) conjugation using the U-4C reaction of the peptide fractions extracted from germinated soybeans to the functionalized Fe3 O4 NPs
The conjugation of peptide fractions from germinated soybeans to Fe3 O4 NPs was achieved for the first time using a multicomponent protocol

Summary

Introduction

The main challenges for magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) used in biomedicine are related to their tendency to agglomerate and lack of biocompatibility [1]. Different works show that the superparamagnetic behavior of magnetite NPs is closely related to their nanometric size [3]. This property is essential for the in vivo applications of the material as it ensures that no magnetization remains in the system after stopping the action of an external magnetic field. Uncoated magnetite NPs tend to decrease the surface free energy by forming stable aggregates under physiological conditions [4] In this regard, it has been observed that the coupling of different types of biomolecules to Fe3 O4 NPs increases the stability of the system while directing it towards the desired biological target

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