Antioxidant Activity Derived from Marine Green-Lipped Mussel Perna canaliculus Extracts in Mice.

Ahmad A Alghamdi,Ahmed H Qasem,Yasser M Kofiah,Abdulraheem A Almalki,Haitham A Bukhary,Abdullah F Aldairi,Nuha A Anajirih,Asma A Alsubaihi,Mamdouh Allahyani,Sulaiman A Anagreyyah,Mohammad A Albanghali,Reema A Alyamani,Ayman Al-Hazmi,Mouldi Saidi

doi:10.1155/2021/1622270

Abstract

This study investigates the antioxidant activities of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate extracts from the marine mollusk Perna canaliculus. Lipids were extracted using acetone, which was followed by protein extraction using the broad-spectrum enzyme Alcalase and then carbohydrate extraction using cetylpyridinium chloride. Eighty white BALB/c mice were divided into eight groups according to the administered extracts. Groups 1 and 5 were the control and toxin control groups, respectively. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered lipid, protein, and carbohydrate extracts, respectively. The other groups were administered P. canaliculus extracts as well as gentamicin and acetaminophen, known as ethanolic extracts, derived from Nerium oleander to induce oxidation stress. All groups showed significant improvements in body weight (p < 0.05). The lipid extract group showed a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). After the toxin injection, all groups treated with P. canaliculus extracts showed increased antioxidant effects on hepatocytes (p < 0.05). The lipid extracts induced antioxidant effects to protect the kidney by increasing lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) and catalase activities (p < 0.05). Also, protein extracts showed antioxidant effects by increasing glutathione and catalase levels significantly (p < 0.005). In conclusion, P. canaliculus extracts, especially lipids and proteins, have potent antioxidant activities that protect vital organs from oxidation stress.

Highlights

Oxygen’s interaction with cellular molecules produces highly reactive elements known as reactive radicals, which can make oxidative modifications to cells’ macromolecules that would lead to cell injury [1]
The lipid, protein, and carbohydrate extract groups showed a significant statistical difference in body weight compared with the control group after four weeks and at the end of the experiment (p < 0:05)
Both the lipid and carbohydrate extract groups showed a higher increase in body weight than the protein extract group

Summary

Introduction

Oxygen’s interaction with cellular molecules produces highly reactive elements known as reactive radicals, which can make oxidative modifications to cells’ macromolecules that would lead to cell injury [1]. There are two sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS): endogenous and exogenous. A well-known endogenous ROS is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, which is formed during cellular respiration. The NADPH oxidase is known as the dominant source of the superoxide anion (O2⋅), which could be disproportionate via superoxide dismutase (SOD) to rperaocdtuivceehhyyddrrooxgyelngrpoeurpox(iOdeH(-⋅H) v2Oia2t)h; ethHuasb, eitr-cWouelidssbreecaocmtioena. It would be extremely reactive as it attaches to cellular macromolecules, resulting in cellular death. Several antioxidant agents obtained from nature, such as plants and marine life, promote antioxidant activities to diminish the effects of oxidative stress on human cells [4, 5]

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Results