Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics of Local Apple Cultivars Encountered along the Coastal Zone of Northeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey

Hatice DUMANOĞLU,Said Efe DOST,Ahmet AYGÜN

doi:10.15832/ankutbd.582696

Abstract

In this study, antioxidant activity and total phenolics in fruit flesh and fruit flesh + skin tissue of local apple cultivars encountered along the coastal zone of Northeastern Anatolia Region (Turkey) and 5 standard cultivars were determined. In local cultivars, antioxidant activities (μmol Trolox equivalent (TE) antioxidant g fresh weight (fw)-1) varied between 0.17-1.70 in fruit flesh and between 0.35-1.55 in fruit flesh + skin tissue; in standard cultivars, the values varied between 0.24 (‘Royal Gala’) and 0.29 (‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Pink Lady’) in fruit flesh and between 0.27 (‘Jonagold’) and 0.61 (‘Royal Gala’) in fruit flesh + skin tissue. In local cultivars, total phenolics (Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) kg fw-1) varied between 53.26- 00.54 in fruit flesh and between 89.32-406.91 in fruit flesh + skin tissue; the values in standard cultivars varied between 56.30 (‘Royal Gala’) and 124.64 (‘Jonagold’) in fruit flesh and between 102.73 (‘Summerred’) and 198.72 (‘Jonagold’) in fruit flesh + skin tissue. Present findings revealed that local cultivars generally had 3-4 times greater antioxidant activity and total phenolics than the standard cultivars. Fruit flesh + skin tissue generally had greater antioxidant activity and total phenolics than the fruit flesh alone. However, the local apple cultivar of ‘Hemşin Elması’ had greater values of both parameters in fruit flesh than in fruit flesh + skin tissue.

Highlights

For healthy diets, present researches mostly focus on fruits and vegetables rich in phenolics
Phenolic compounds are structurally composed of simple phenolic molecules bearing one or more hydroxyl groups over an aromatic chain and cover highly-polymerized components (Balasundram et al 2006; Stratil et al 2007)
50 local apple cultivars originated from the coastal region of Northeastern Anatolia Region in Turkey were used as plant material

Summary

Introduction

Present researches mostly focus on fruits and vegetables rich in phenolics. Recent epidemiological studies revealed that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables with abundant phenolics recessed the aging process and reduced the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, lung diseases, cataracts, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases (Garcia et al 1997; Middleton et al 2000; Manach et al 2005). Such preventive effects of these compounds are mostly attributed to antioxidative of phytochemicals and vitamins (Szajdek & Borowska 2008).

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Conclusion