Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Pleurotus cystidiosus, an edible mushroom, against Hep-2 cancer cells. Fresh P. cystidiosus mushroom was extracted with acetone (fraction A). Fraction A was extracted into hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate successively and the remaining fraction was labeled as “A4”. Fraction A4 was further separated into three fractions, A4-1, A4-2 and A4-3 using a reverse phase column. 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity assays were used to investigate the reducing power of the extracts. The DPPH- EC50 of A4-2 and A4-3 were 0.81 and 0.82 mg/mL, respectively; NO - EC50 of A4-2 and A4-3 were 0.87 and 0.61 mg/mL, respectively. The results on cytotoxic effects based on MTT and LDH assays have shown that the same two extracts to have the highest activity. These results were reinforced by the cell morphological changes observed using an inverted fluorescence microscope of the treated cells. Cells incubated with the highest dose (5 mg/mL) of A4-2 and A4-3 showed cell morphological changes such as cellular swelling, irregular cell shapes, condensed cytoplasm and vacuolar areas. Hence it can be concluded that the extract of P . cystidiosus has antioxidative activity as well as cytotoxicity against Hep -2 cancer cells. It can also be speculated that the use of whole mushroom as a medicinal food may bring about health benefits. Keywords: Abalone, DPPH radical scavenging activity, LDH activity, MTT, mushroom. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v40i2.4438 J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2012 40 (2):107-114
Highlights
The study of mushrooms during the last few decades has resulted in many beneficial products such as notable mycopharmaceuticals, myconutriceuticals and mycocosmeceuticals
Fraction A4 was further separated into three fractions, A4-1, A4-2 and A4-3 using a reverse phase column. 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity assays were used to investigate the reducing power of the extracts
Chemicals: Eagle’s minimum essential medium (EMEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics, trypsin, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3,4,5(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and camptothecin were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co., Ltd. (USA)
Summary
The study of mushrooms during the last few decades has resulted in many beneficial products such as notable mycopharmaceuticals, myconutriceuticals and mycocosmeceuticals. Literature reveals that Pleurotus species commonly known as oyster mushrooms posses many biological activities including promising anticancer and antioxidant activities (Wasser, 2002). Cancer has become the second largest cause of death in humans, and has led to many research efforts and clinical studies to find potent cancer drugs (Daba & Ezeronye, 2003). 200 species of mushrooms have been found to markedly inhibit tumor growth, but most of the compounds responsible for their activity have not yet been identified (Wasser & Weis, 1999). Six of the polysaccharides of mushroom-origin that have been investigated with human cancers include lentinan, schizophyllan, active hexose correlated compounds (AHCC), maitake D-fraction, polysaccharide-K and polysaccharide-P (Daba & Ezeronye, 2003). In a recent pilot study it has been reported that the administration of DNA isolated from the Pleurotus ostreatus fruit body, significantly increases the life span of mice with solid Ehrlich carcinoma (Shlyakhovenko et al, 2006)
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