Abstract
Bioavailability of active compounds extracted from herbs is generally limited to be adsorbed or expressed to target organisms due to several physical and chemical factors. Nanoparticle encapsulation techniques was developed to carry bioactive macromolecules ofCentella asiatica(Buabok) in the form ofC. asiaticaExtract-loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles (CBNPs) to improve bioavailability. In this study, the antioxidant activities of CBNPs andC. asiaticacrude extract were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging assay in the simulated gastrointestinal system, including mastication, stomach, duodenum, and ileum conditions to provide the environment which similar toin vivosystem in terms of chemical and physical parameters. CBNPs were prepared by mixing ofC. asiaticacrude extract and BSA at different ratio of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity of CBNP was observed when the ratio of crude extract and BSA at 1:2 was used at pH 2.0 or in the simulated stomach condition. The denaturation or unfolding of BSA in the simulated stomach occurred when pH was low could lead to the release of active compounds at certain area in gastrointestinal system.
Highlights
Centella asiatica, so called Buabok in Thai, is one of top five Thailand Champion Herbal Products selected by the Department for Development of Thai Transitional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health due to their potential uses in high value products of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, human health sectors [1, 2]
Nanoencapsulation of crude extract with gelatin nanoparticle were demonstrated in in vitro simulated gastrointestinal system to have less antibacterial and antioxidant activities compared to the crude extract [18]
The experiment using simulated gastrointestinal system was set up according to mastication, stomach, duodenum, and ileum conditions to be similar to human gastrointestinal tract
Summary
C. asiatica has been included to be the medicinal herbal plants in conventional and ancient treatments. It has been consumed in daily human meals in Asia. C. asiatica has been demonstrated in laboratories and clinical tests for its biological activities including antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory activity, wound healing activity and, anticancer activity [3]. C. asiatica has been reviewed in several studies to consist of various chemical compositions with biological benefits i.e. to symptom treatment, to wound and injury treatment and to mentality treatments [3,4], C. asiatica is abundant in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which are the key chemicals with antioxidant properties to protect human health against attack of free radical compounds [5,6,7]. The molecular size and chemical properties of these bioactive compounds result in less than 50% of these compounds are adsorbed by human consumption or treatment [8,9,10,11]
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