Abstract
Fat deposition is important for pig production because excessive fat decreases the economic value of meat production. Plant extracts have been used as feed additive in pig diets to improve oxidative stability of meat. However, only a few studies had investigated the effect of plant extracts on lipid accumulation of porcine adipocytes. Therefore, this study examined antioxidative potential of plant extracts and essential oil-cyclodextrin complexes and their effect on lipid accumulation in porcine adipocytes. Porcine preadipocytes were isolated from dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue of a 5-month-old female pig. Preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of extracts, then lipid accumulation was determined using oil red O staining. Results showed that green tea and grape seed extracts had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and also possessed the highest antioxidant activities. Among essential oil-cyclodextrin complexes, thyme oil had the highest antioxidant activities by all assays. With a regard to the lipid accumulation, all of plant extracts and essential oil-cyclodextrin complexes decreased lipid accumulation in adipocytes from 32.61 to 91.71% compared with the control. Green tea extract, thyme and galangal oil products decreased lipid accumulation about 60% lower than that of the control. In conclusion, green tea and grape seed extracts, and thyme oil powder illustrated high antioxidant potentials, while lipid accumulation in porcine adipocytes was greatly reduced by green tea extract, thyme and galangal oil products. The research finding is beneficial in the development of natural feed additives to improve oxidative stability and reduce excessive subcutaneous fat in pig production.
Highlights
In pig production, fat accumulation play a pivotal role because the excessive subcutaneous fat decreases the economic efficiency of meat production (Suzuki et al, 2013)
Methanol, chloroform, sodium hydroxide, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formalin and isopropanol were purchased from RCI Labscan Ltd., Thailand. β-carotene, linoleic acid, Tween 20, ABTS [2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], potassium persulfate, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Foline-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, catechin, formic acid, HEPES, dexamethasone, oil red O, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and insulin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA
Among the essential oil-cyclodextrin complexes, the IC50 value derived from the β-carotene bleaching test, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity of thyme oil had significantly the highest antioxidant activities, followed by galangal oil and ginger oil respectively (Table 2)
Summary
Fat accumulation play a pivotal role because the excessive subcutaneous fat (backfat) decreases the economic efficiency of meat production (Suzuki et al, 2013). The backfat thickness is an important parameter used to evaluate carcass quality (Lucas et al, 2017), and it inversely correlated with meat percentage in pig carcasses (Knecht and Duziński, 2016). The reduction of fat percentage in pig carcasses has been a major selection goal to improve feed efficiency during fattening. This selection goal was in line with consumer preferences, which need the carcasses with low fat percentage and high meat percentage (Catillo et al, 2021). Dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is a fatty acid found in meat and dairy products, has been reported to improve feed efficiency, decrease backfat thickness and improve meat quality (Dunshea et al, 2002; Wiegand et al, 2001). The demand for natural antioxidants, especially of plant origin has increased mainly in the recent years (Shah et al, 2014)
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