Abstract
F. philippinensis Merr. et Rolfe has been cultivated on a large scale and is widely consumed by local inhabitants as an important nutraceutical, especially against rheumatism which has a deep connection with antioxidants. In this study, a total of 18 different phenolic metabolite compounds in F. philippinensis were isolated and identified, and evaluated for their antioxidant and DNA damage protection potential. The antioxidant activity of the 18 identified compounds was screened using DPPH, ORAC, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The antioxidant potential of the compounds was found to differ by functionality and skeleton. However, most compounds showed a good antioxidant potential. In particular, seven of the identified compounds, namely, compounds 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 15 and 16, showed significant protective effects on pBR322 plasmid DNA against the mutagenic and toxic effects of Fenton’s reaction. The most active compound, compound 2, displayed a dose-dependent DNA damage protection potential in the range of 7.5~60.0 μM. The DNA damage protective effect of the identified compounds was significantly correlated with the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Compounds that exhibited effective (IC50 = 5.4~12.5 μg/mL) hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were found to be the ones with higher DNA damage protection potential.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive species with a lone pair electron that is able to mainly attack double bonds in biomolecules of living organisms [1]
This study focused on the isolation and identification of about 18 different phenolic metabolites from F. philippinensis
F. philippinensis Merr. et Rolfe has been used traditionally for rheumatism and inflammation which occurs by oxidative cell damage [28]
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive species with a lone pair electron that is able to mainly attack double bonds in biomolecules of living organisms [1]. They include various oxygen centered free radical derived from superoxide (O2 − ) and non-radical derivatives, like hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) [2,3]. Antioxidants are defined as having the ability to quench free radicals to form stable species with paired electrons, to maintain redox balance before ROS species can damage important biomolecules [9]. Antioxidants play important roles in the protection of the body against oxidative cell damage that can lead to Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, heart disease and chronic inflammation [10,11,12]
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