Abstract
Obesity is becoming a global epidemic as a result of high-calorie food intake and unhealthy lifestyles. Different marine plants, especially brown algae (Ecklonia cava), are traditionally used to treat different health-related issues. The study was carried out to investigate the anti-obesity properties of E. cava 70% ethanol extract. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of E. cava, both in vitro and in vivo tests were performed. E. cava suppresses pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In HFD-induced obese rats’ models, administration of E. cava 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly decreases total body weight and organs, especially liver weight, in all treatment groups. Adipose tissue weight, including subcutaneous, epididymal, peritoneal, and mesenteric adipose tissue, was markedly reduced in E. cava-treated HFD rats in dose-dependent manners. In addition, liver-related biomarkers AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were evaluated; the lower level of liver-related biomarkers indicates no liver injury or fatty liver issue in E. cava HFD treatment groups. In addition, E. cava treatment has significant effects on the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic (PPAR-γ, FAS, LPL, and SREBP-1c) genes. Altogether, these results show the anti-obesity effect of E. cava. We concluded that E. cava could be a potential candidate for the prevention of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet.
Highlights
IntroductionThe horrible fact is that the number of obese patients is increasing day by day
Obesity is increasing all over the world and is causing genuine medical problems.The horrible fact is that the number of obese patients is increasing day by day
We investigated the changes in plasma levels of obesity-associated factors, including leptin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and proinflammatory cytokines levels, as well as the lipid profile, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), free fatty acid (FFA), TG, and TC, when the atherogenic index was calculated
Summary
The horrible fact is that the number of obese patients is increasing day by day. The recent COVID-19 pandemic situation makes it worse; because of strict restrictions on movement and limited access to outdoor events, the number of obese patients will increase all over the world [4]. The major reason behind obesity is energy imbalance because of the absence of activity and inordinate food intake. This disease can lead to various pathological conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (hypertension), arteriosclerosis, diabetes, respiratory complications, osteoarthritis, and certain forms of cancer [1,7,8]. Natural phenolic compounds need more attention because some may be used as an alternative for the development of anti-obesity approaches [12]
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