Anti-Obesity Effect of Ginkgo Vinegar, a Fermented Product of Ginkgo Seed Coat, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cells.

Shugo Hosoda,Satoshi Numazawa,Yumi Kawazoe,Atsufumi Manabe,Toshikazu Shiba

doi:10.3390/nu12010230

Abstract

Ginkgo seed coat is rarely used and is typically discarded, due to its offensive odor and its toxicity. Ginkgo vinegar is a fermented product of ginkgo seed coat, and fermentation removes the bad smell and most of the toxicity. Thus, ginkgo vinegar contains very low concentrations of toxic components. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of ginkgo vinegar in mice fed a high-fat diet and its inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and reduced the size of fat cells in mice. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed the expression of C/EBPδ and PPARγ, key proteins in adipogenesis, and inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced to become adipocytes. These results suggested that ginkgo vinegar inhibited adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, a corresponding concentration of acetic acid had significantly less effect on lipid accumulation and virtually no effect on adipogenic gene expression. These results suggested that, similar to Ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgo vinegar might prevent and improve adiposity. Therefore, ginkgo seed coat could be a useful material for medicinal ingredients.

Highlights

Ginkgo biloba is often planted on city streets all over the world because it is highly resistant to air pollution, such as car exhaust fumes, and it has excellent fire-resistant characteristics
When various concentrations of ginkgo vinegar were used to test its cytotoxicity on 3T3-L1 cells, we found that 0.8% ginkgo vinegar had a significant effect on cell testviability, its cytotoxicity on to
We found that quercetin inhibited C/EBPδ gene expression induced by MDI medium, in a concentrationvinegar components, on the expression of genes involved in 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis

Summary

Introduction

Ginkgo biloba is often planted on city streets all over the world because it is highly resistant to air pollution, such as car exhaust fumes, and it has excellent fire-resistant characteristics. There are continual complaints about the bad odor of ginkgo seed coats, which fall on the street and cause odor pollution. Because Ginkgo biloba was designated as an endangered species [5], a better alternative would be to make effective use of the offensive seed coat, rather than planting only male trees to avoid the stink. In the 1960s, a German pharmaceutical company utilized ginkgo leaves for pharmaceuticals. They demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts (GbE) could improve blood circulation, inhibit platelet

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