Abstract
Hypocholesterolemic activity of Crataegus aronia L. (Rosaceae) is therapeutically praised. Its potent antiobesity (P < 0.001, n = 6 - 8) as well as marked triacylglycerol-reducing efficacies (P < 0.001, n = 6 - 8) in 10 weeks-high cholesterol diet (HCD) fed rats are demonstrated. Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL), α-amylase and α-glucosidase are an interesting pharmacological target for the management of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity. Comparable to acarbose, acute starch induced postprandial hyperglycaemia as well glycemic excursions in normoglycemic overnight fasting rats was highly significantly (P < 0.001) dampened by C. aronia 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg b.wt aqueous extracts (AE), but not acute glucose evoked postprandial hyperglycaemia increments, unlike diabetes pharmaco-therapeutics metformin and glipizide. C. aronia aerial parts as well as fruits AEs (0.1 - 10 mg/mL) were identified as in vitro dual inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with respective IC50 (mg/mL) of 2.1 ± 0.3 and 3.5 ± 0.7. Still, it lacked on in vitro hindrance of glucose movement, dissimilar to guar gum. Equivalent to orlistat (PL IC50 of 0.1 ± 0.0 μg/mL), C. aronia tested AEs and its purified bioactive phytoconstituents; quercetin and rutin, inhibited highly substantially in a dose dependent trend PL in vitro (n = 3), in an ascending order of obtained PL-IC50 (μg/mL): quercetin; 30.1 ± 2.8, rutin; 77.3 ± 11.7, C. aronia aerial parts; 225.2 ± 33.4 and C. aronia fruits; 286.1 ± 37.4. Flavonoid-rich C. aronia, as a functional food and a nutraceutical, modulating gastrointestinal carbohydrate and lipid digestion and absorption, maybe be advocated as an exquisite and potential candidate for combinatorial obesity-diabetes prevention and phytotherapy.
Highlights
With the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide, several studies indicated that the incidence of type 2 DM (T2DM), impaired fasting glycaemia and obesity in Jordan is increasing [1,2,3]
These observations have been confirmed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data stating that the current prevalence of DM in Jordan was at 10.1%
Dried whole flowers and leaves of C. aronia L. were purchased from herbalist shops in downtown, Amman; while fruits were collected during June-July from different places of the country (Ajloun, Al-Salt and Shafa Badran)
Summary
With the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide, several studies indicated that the incidence of type 2 DM (T2DM), impaired fasting glycaemia and obesity in Jordan is increasing [1,2,3]. These observations have been confirmed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data stating that the current prevalence of DM in Jordan was at 10.1%. More detailed investigations to elucidate C. aronia dual antidiabeticantiobesity pharmacotherapeutic effects on cell-free in vitro systems of carbohydrate and lipid extrapancreatic enzymatic digestion and absorption were undertaken. Acute and chronic in vivo effects were exhaustively investigated
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